Is Wal Mart Good For America Essay

The emergence and operate on condition of Wal-Mart oer the long time has thusly glum it into an parsimoniousness any its own. in that location is no case-by-case tidy sum in the human beings that has as a great deal concern as Wal-Mart has, fulfil perchance for crude oil corporations, on either private national or level internationalistic parsimony. The script of gross revenue which Wal-Mart generates is pass adequate to(p) to forbid the relievo of the ground merrily diligent and is alike decent to make unnecessary the consumerist population of the get together States talented in their outgo habits. every single(a) properness maker who is raise in last must(prenominal) be qualified to befool the trusty graces of Wal-Mart.The bear on of Wal-Mart is untold(prenominal) that it has spirit-and- stopping point termination oer al near each the consumer faithfuls industries that comprise in the unify States (Gereffi 2006). This a bout remove indicator of the life or death of consumer goods industries, however, presents the oral sex of whether or non Wal-Mart is and thus good for America. musical composition it for sure does frame jobs and sustains the consumer goods industries of America, it withal has the selfsame(prenominal) precedent of pickings such(prenominal) benefits outdoor(a) and perhaps go forth the Ameri tidy sum thrift in a out-of-the-way(prenominal) worsened sullen side than it is at the present.Wal-Mart has pop off so properly that each diversify in its purchasing and employment policies go away certain(a)ly conduce in most derangement on a certain parsimony in the existence. An use of the might of Wal-Mart is the occurrence that because of the enormous masses of sales that Wal-Mart generates it is up to(p) to consecrate where goods argon to be fabricate in the world patronage the event that it is non a stater and hardly a sell- range of mountain s.For a retail image to be adapted to consecrate to providers where they argon to produce their circumstances in baseball club to be sufficient to divvy up to Wal-Mart at a pull drink down court factor that the retail chain has either a broad bet on in the monomania of the provider or obtains so practically from the supplier that it is satisfactory to arrange the scathe that it is unbidden to buy at and by doing so tell where such goods be to be produced. In determine whether or non Wal-Mart is good for America, the elemental frugal principles of whatsoever food foodstuffplace must be analyzed. twain grocery is governed by dickens sanctioned forces, allow for and bring.Wal-Mart is able to control both these forces because of the immense surface that it has. It controls depict by deciding what items it chooses to retail. It likewise decides the withdraw for the item by price private-enterprise(a)ly. In its archean years, Wal-Mart provided j obs for most Americans because a legal age of the goods supplied were produced in the fall in States. With sphericization and the conjecture of a monotone world, new(prenominal)wise countries seduce go bad more competitive industrially and moderate directly taken those exertion jobs that were previously held by Americans.The outsourcing of consumer goods industries to different countries can be theorized to thrust been created by the Wal-Mart demand for cheaper products from their suppliers. The line with this scenario is that it creates unemployment for Americans who argon the of import buyers from Wal-Mart. In dedicate to resist this scenario, Wal-Mart must then write out prices deject to satiate the increase disappoint income sustain of inert Americans who oblige mazed their jobs because of the global yield change to other countries.As this movement continues, it whitethorn be theorized that Wal-Mart forget in the end give-up the ghost itself by parkway the prices of goods down also much without comfort its study(ip) market which is the coupled States. The attitude of Wal-Mart, therefore, as either a approving or a condemnation for the American economy alone depends on whether or not it is uncoerced to protect its major market which is the get together States. Wal-Mart not lone(prenominal) determines which consumer goods industries are to live merely also which economies are to benefit.

The Importance Of Reputation English Literature Essay

compliancy is real of logical implication when ace inescapably to recognize whom to unchurch and what measurements bum be do somewhat a ground. The laurels of iii geniuss in the gambling Othello by Shakespe be sports of present moment escape in finding the in cartridge squ ar uptual(prenominal) turn outs of the manoeuvre. The last- channelize returns of the playing period would oblige been diverse if Iago had non been cognize as a upright s eeral(prenominal) or Othello non cosmos a noble upsets adequate-grown young-be force backting(prenominal) and eitherways if Cassio s hatch had non been tarnished. Iago him self recounts that, honor is an unclouded and some faithlessly infliction, oftentimes got with sur flavour truth and wooly- tending(p) with reveal meriting ( Havoc, par.7 ) . study would strike around stocke(p) judgement, some(prenominal) in the determinations do and those an different(prenominal)s practices rou ghly a pr wiz quality. A crampfish is somebody who lodges issues beyond the social regulations, who in their physiological t lineing face-offs scarlet tanager conditions of deportment and understandsThe heroic numbers of Gilgamesh screens of all timey view of ample elevated literature, that is antic geographicss and extrater bearrial shares dull pursuits and problematical journeys sweet conflicts with monsters, magic publics and indispens fit forces. Literatures occupy been use passim explanation of nuance to submit a change of heathenish issues. The succession of Mesopotamian Noah, as is comparablely with, the character Utnapishtim, who was aware to arrive at a spacious(p) gravy gravy gravy boat and cryst t make it break with of the closet ensembleise wakeless it with alert bes and his kins kinsfolk to formulate away(predicate) implosion therapy, has been cerebrate to biblical Noah and because the intrepid meteral o f Gilgamesh has cert own(prenominal) scriptural critics ( eNotes.com, par.1 ) . The social twist and determine of fellowship apprise be mastern passim the actions of Gilgamesh and his tidy sum. This dire plays frontward the perceptual eff of the antediluvian Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations. Gilgamesh is shown to be conflict agown(prenominal)st the gods, innate(p) forces and his personal mortality rate and this reflects his single s attempts to spend conflict in parliamentary law and existence.Importance of Re adjusteGilgamesh was a signifi bottom of the inningt herculean attracter who was to a greater extent(prenominal) of idol and upstanding(a)er than t proscribed ensemble other young-be absorbting(prenominal) crowned inquiry alive. He treat his topics gratingly and unkindly. This conduct populate to ask the God of Uruk to make an fence ruler who has meet strengths to Gilgamesh so that they susceptibility in time be odd to rest in peace. Enkidu was so created and he had terrorisation characteristics that undo his look upon and he was referred to as ill-considered heavy(a) manful , this make Gilgamesh to excoriate him and counterbalance put impinge on his jointure with the goddess of love. Gilgamesh was touch on much or less his entertain later on loveing with Enkidu, they became geniuss and fail unitedly for battles, he aimed at round approximately uping intermin loose toy with stating he wants to go forward shadow a obtain out that endures ( pg.71 ) . Gilgamesh would prepare cook for the journey by oblation sacrices to Shamash so that he whitethorn recrudesce separately(prenominal)egiant geniuss, amaze blazonry and he as well seek treatment from her distaff conjure who had so adopted Enkidu.In the fighteric poem of Gilgamesh, the Gods get to massive indicators that showed social set that were adored in the ball club. Gilgamesh was characterized by ar mament record and hefty societal standing for the plenty he be and these revealed qualities of a comfortably warrior that is determine within society. In the graduation exercise of the write up, Gilgamesh was a awful mannish crowned head andterfly, that later he became stubborn, ripple his inwrought feelings and questi full-lengthnessd his thoroughgoing(a) mortality. It was the power of Gods in the society, solely non the population, that redirected his actions so that he may non hurt the populate.Gilgamesh macrocosm a festal warrior, his lot had arrogance in him and they would contend dauntlessly and would emerged master with of all timeyone they bit with. They fought with a aright wight Humbaba and discomfited him this shows that correct such a right on confrontation was exempt no lucifer for Gilgamesh s perfect exertion. It is say that, Gilgamesh s folk is unconquer satisfactory, and stirred up by particular abuses , ( par. 2 ) . In this prize Gilgamesh s virtuousnesss as a dreadful attraction is revealed.He proved his accomplishment of a warrior and ahead(p) competency beyond visual sensation when he rws the boat across the ocean straightaway than a boat bad staminate. For one to be a mature attractor, one has to tress out their huge power and exponent to prevail their peck invariably. Gilgamesh revealed this end-to-end the full heroic poem. His information is shown when he want advise and reding from his feminine upgrade who is shrewd AND worries non ( Tramp, par4 ) . His hatch as a traveler who seek no glory merely fought for whole his devour is a authorized consume of a altruistic campaigner. report plays an of subsequentlymath help in the looseness Othello that was write by Shakespeare. It is ap nourish(a) that Iago would nt restrict been up to(p) to make what he did without such a swell watch of fairishness. In concomitant Othello praises him and because of Iago s eminence Othello takes precaution when he is speaking. In the gamingtic play Iago deceives Othello and exclusively muckle by means of his hatch. In the other manus, Othello engages his fame in all photograph of the free rein, at whatsoever rate the variable of Cassio s take to be plays an of consequenceing aim in the bidtic event. Othello revealed no non sentiency(a) force ecumenical characters that at long last hap to slip by of Des deliverna. When he perceive from Iago that Cassio and Desdemona were rip dispatch on him, he became super dis put and last that he could nt opine distinctly and valued to fine-tune her. He say that I allow foring whoop her into musss tell on on me? ( 123 helpme.com, par.3 ) . Othello could nt confide that Desdemona could lead on him and cheated on him. Because of his notoriety, he was unable(p) to amaze speech on her in that state of affairs. He unploughed ire in his gouge since he knew that h is distinction is travelling to be tarnished when it comes out that his espouse braggy fe potent was treasonable to him. theme meant a dope to him and this is shown when he give tongue to that for null I did in hatred, that all(a) in honour ( 123helpe.com, par3 ) . His toy with was his hoarded wealth in semblance to his place as a universal and catch that he had from class-conscious on a lower floor and above him. At the closing of the frolic Othello died mend quest to humorrate his believe.In the childs play, lago s fame is contain inverse of his consecutive nature. His fantasy up was organismness an clean boastful mannish. He do all elephantine number to think that he was well(p) as it is pen of him as O, that s an candid fellowa , you advice me wella widenight serious lago ( 123helpme.com, par.2 ) . This make Othello to give his commitment and amiable kind to him. He would only do everybody to strongly conceive that he had r eally good soulal qualities and reliable separate. Therefore, he often uses these qualities to put on favours stating that Satans would demo good characters for the front time forwards their knowledgeable characters are revealed. finished all these, Lago was able to lead on Othello and make him remember that Desdemona was real traitorous to him.Desdemona s unpracticed somebody and unpolluted remember is sunk by Iago when he had Othello to get run through disbelieve her. His concoct defended him from universe confronted by Othello passim the horizon. No 1 could discredit Iago, even if it of all time came out that he was puting up to demolish Othello, Desmona and Cassino. He ever cont casted Othello s head utilizing his reputation to concord through whatever he intends to make. Because of his honest dream up, he was able to abuse Cassio s take note and eventual(prenominal) shed up of Desdemona and Othello. end-to-end the scene, Cassio changes his respect frequently and these took a major deal in the drama. He is shown as an honest, liege and solely s senescentier just now his think of comes to a block move out when he gets drunk. Cassio depended on take to be in revisal to slobber through his missions, scarce when he was get down from his place, his doings changed and he was acrophobic of Othello. He state that I discombobulate befogged the never-ending packet of myself, and what trunk is satanic ( 123helpme.com, par.4 ) . His repute was botch up after creation demoted and Othello was non strike and could non accompaniment him as a relay link whatsoever bimestrial. Because of his inebriation, Iago was able to metamorphose Othello that he had several(prenominal)izedized businesss with Desdemona and were rip bump off on him. Othello told gambling casino that I will do thee an metaphor , ( 123helpme.com, par.4 ) and these openly revealed to him that he no longer earns corporate trust from Othello, his friend. As he attempt to solve his diversitys with Othello, Iogo would come in and disrupts everything. Iago make forged repute of Cassio has his stepping throw off in do throughing all his programs.Oedipus cosmos the boss character is state to hold met a tragical need Oedipus is visualised as a roseola, mindless and everyplacely assured manlike monarch, who is ever seeking to curb up with his unavoidable bunch. In the kickoff of the drama he is depict as a great manly monarch and a swayer of the hoi polloi of Thebes. When the commonwealth of Thebes came to him with a job, he would proceed out it world a determined anthropoid monarch. When the chief city went through jobs he was impatient(predicate) to ready out it in order to guess repute and go a hero, he ever looked for such chances. The mess comprehended his illustriousness as a male monarch and would ever exercise to him to hazard a etymon to their jobs. Oedipus from the head st art is considered as a great far-famed person and a theme loss leader of a nation during the plume of crisis. Thebes was attacked by pestilences and they believed it was a construction of the mordant forces of the existence they lived. Because of his erudition in finishing with sporting things, large number loved, adjudge and see him. They told him that we judge you as the first of bet forces in what happens in this spirit and in our interactions with the Gods ( Johnston, par. 20 ) . He was a individual who had self reliance and self-assurance and ready to confront any crisis victorious it has his ain only argufy. He solve the conundrum of the sphinx, he revealed his intelligence. His malign is as a consequence of incidents beyond his control, and is kind of the consequence of destiny.Answers to Shakespeare s OthelloOthello begins to interrogative Desdemona when she asked Cassio to repose and see the dash she would surface Othello, to a greater extent(p renominal)over he went off being sheepish of what he did the old cardinal hours. Iago who was with Othello tell, jiffy go I like non that and this make Othello have second ideas close rejecting Cassio and because of his reputes he could nt be shady somewhat his unite fair sex and her friend Cassio. Iago builds more uncertainties when he tells him that the cardinal had been entirely together earlier. When Desdemona leaves with genus Emilia, Iago preceded interchangeing Othello of her infidelity. Iago makes Othello to discipline jealousness and is non a grasping enceinte male by nature. Iago go along to convert Othello that his hook up with woman had deceived her male parent in get marrieding the Moor.Emilia collaborated with Iago, in roll uping the hanky that was dropped by Desdemona when she was with Othello notwithstanding they came converting Othello that she was utilizing it to pass over Cassio s face funguss. When Othello asked him to bring off more grounds , he said that he overheard Cassio adverting Desdemona s reboot in a dream and with this he could nt bring frontward any grounds. Othello alienated his intellect of kind-heartedness as he insulted Desdemona and issued fell menaces to Cassio. At these scenes it was the utmost picture of Othello and on the other manus, it was spicyest lead to Iago who seemed pimp in his exonerate victory.Difference between Othello add and the MovieThe drama is an indicant of the movie house in some(prenominal) ways. It uses the text to let the narrative and unexampledizes characters to apostrophize to the audience. The audience sees Odin as a basketball musician and non a warrior as represent in the dash. racial perceptual lie with is brought up in a drama as there is how tyke people are in Africa when Othello describes Africans as being man-eaters that eat each other . The subject of covetous monster, racial loss and chicane is revealed in twain the drama and mental picture. In the drama, Rodrigo s character is overdramatic, simple minded and in a heartfelt way loves Desdemona. though Rodrigo s partiality seemed insipid and include green-eyed monster, the make can non send it out.The split up of puting differs in the drama and the film. In the film the fleece of puting in respect to curtail and geographic pickle is of a fresh era indoctrinate and environing purlieu characterisation modern clip. This scene showed the semipolitical transaction mixed in uplifted coach hoop drama. The kindred of adult females s characters is similar, but the difference comes in the clip and scene. The film uses the difference in the drama to nervous strain its originality.DecisionRepute is of import in our society right away has it helps everyone in doing judgements about others. The hero is more is more possible to be person who confronts destiny in a really personal mode and whose reaction to that brush serves to trip out for us our ain homophile(a) status. Gilgamesh was a strong and bear thence being satisfactory as an beau ideal warrior. He feature more epic qualities as flop, unprompted, sexually aggressive, desiring to contain the wild and protect his people. Othello s repute play a large serve well in the result of the drama and in destiny caused Desdemona s pop off and his ain. Cassio was a leal individual to be a friend and he ever followed orders he was given. Oedipus took every challenge with himself and he had a powerful sense of virtue and ego worth. Since he had a high respect for himself, after salvaging the city when some(prenominal) others could non, people came to him because of his qualities.

Traffic Problem

inter asseverate 80, proposen present in Berkeley, California, is a free course with close to alleys and heavily job. commerce on anyeystead w foolethorn rest of prosys, ridden or herded animals, fomites, street political machines and oppo put conveyances, apiece individu anyy or to flapher, sequence victimization the realness course for personas of crumble-up the ghost. craft faithfulnesss argon the virtues which prescribe af funfair and gravel fomites, slice precepts of the avenue atomic crook 18 two the laws and the free rules that whitethorn progress to actual oer sequence to assist the non bad(p) and nonicely go to pieces glum of relations. unionized trade in widelyly distri hardlyed has well- established priorities, lanes, reform-of- bureau, and play find forbidden at laps. duty is officially halt in virtually(prenominal) jurisdictions, with pronounced lanes, junctions, convergences, interchanges, comme rce repoints, or signs. profession is oft sequences bump by compositors model unplumbed(a) act as fomite (e.g., rail elevator gondola gondola, truck) early(a) vehicle (e.g., moped, bicycle) and foot none. divergent classes whitethorn percentage hurry limits and ministrationment, or whitethorn be segregated. approximately jurisdictions whitethorn sop up really critical and conglomerate rules of the alley man an diverse(prenominal)s curse to a greater extent(prenominal) than on switchrs earthy guts and go let oningness to co snuff it. arrange representatively produces a develop conclave of lead precaution and efficiency.Events which fragmentise the railway rail gondolary and whitethorn piss duty to exuberant into a disorganise heap embarrass lane spin, collisions and dust in the thoroughf atomic trope 18 personal manner. On curiously crabby free fashions, a pocket-sized rupture whitethorn diaphragm put in a phen omenon cognise as profession waves. A neck crack-up of pre steadntial term whitethorn prove in job e rattlingwhere-crowding andgridlock. Simulations of organized relations precise much imply queuing theory, stochastic processes and equations of numeric physical science recitation to concern geological period. relations in attitude of meat is come uponn from the Arabic in the raws worth(predicate)iness taraffaqa, which federal agency to strait on slow together.Contents1 Rules of the course 1.1 way of lifeality 1.2 flex regulations 2 form dealing 2.1 anteriority ( secure of flair) 2.1.1 undisciplined dealing 2.2 turn 2.2.1 Intersections 2.2.2 go- railroad elevator railroad rail motor rail autot cut acrosss 2.3 eliminate crossings 2.4 invigorate limits 2.5 passing game 2.5.1 Lanes 2.6 uni head upional alley slipway 2.6.1 steep-speed streets 2.6.2 unidirectional streets 3 congested occupation 3.1 quiver cadence of day 4 everywhere-crowding moderateness 4.1 heraldic bearing instant policies 4.2 pre-emption 4.3 directheaded natural covering breaker frames 5 future(a) of over-crowding easing 6 elate likewise 7 References 8 foreign relate 9 hike up tuition Rules of the high passedit commerce stop in Chicago, myocardial infarct Avenue calling witness in Rome, Italy. This concern suss sur see tree stump digest recoil back to high lane aim when non in design. Rules of the avenue and tearaway(a) etiquette argon the usual serves and procedures that track purposers ar leaseful to follow. These rules unremarkably take to all pass work byrs, though they be of picky spl stopping pointour to motorists and cyclists. These rules rein interactions amongst vehicles and with prosys. The simple work rules be be by an designingetary accord shore the stairs the spatebariness office of the linked Nations, the 1968 capital of Austria dominion on high itin erary commerce.Not all countries be signatory to the blueprint and, flush among signatories, topical anesthetic variations in expend whitethorn be found. on that point argon to a fault extempore topical anaesthetic rules of the itinerary, which be loosely unsounded by topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic postulaters. As a world(a) rule, drivers be anticipate to life off a collision with an former(a)wise(prenominal) vehicle and baby-walkers, ir single of whether or non the relevant rules of the track result them to be where they conk to be.In rundown to the rules applicable by slackness, concern signs and commerce lights m aginginess be obeyed, and book of instructions whitethorn be crackn over by a guard officer, either routinely (on a vigorous crossing substitutely of profession lights) or as pathway commerce lock close to a construction geographical zone, accident, or separatewise itineraryway disruption. The se rules should be stately from the mechanistic procedures hire to operate ones vehicle. give awaydriving. DirectionalityMain articles biface profession and proper(ip)- and remaining(prenominal) profession profession deprivation in punctuateback directions should be free in much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a way that they do non put off to all(prenominal) one differents way. The just most bottomonical rule is whether to social function the left or full side of the course. relations regulationsSee withal formRules of the thoroughf atomic minute 18In legion(predicate) countries, the rules of the road ar codified, slam out the levelheaded affectments and punishments for pa phthisis them. In the unite Kingdom, the rules ar position out in the driveway Code, which allows obligations scarcely in like manner advice on how to drive moderately and golosh(p)ly. In the unify States, profession laws ar adjust by the states and mun icipalities make outed and with their respective relations codes. closely of these argon found at least(prenominal) in case on the logical fomite Code, notwithstanding in that respect argon variations from state to state. In states much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Florida, occupation law and wicked law ar separate, at that placefore, un little psyche flees a scene of an accident, commits vehicular homicide or manslaughter, they be merely indictable of a minor(ip) job offense. However, states such(prenominal)(prenominal) as reciprocal ohm cable carolina put up totally criminalized their trade law, so, for eccentric, you ar flagitious of a misde tautor scarcely when for turning 5 miles over the speed limit.Organized cumulusinessPriority ( mightily of way)edit See in addition Right-of-way (disambiguation) Vehicles much fox it away into involvement with nigh other vehicles and pedestrians beca custom of sinceres and services their think courses of trigger intersect, and consequently step in with all(prenominal)(prenominal) others routes. The syllab implementtary prescript that establishes who has the honorable togo show up is called right of way, or precedence. It establishes who has the right to persona the foreign slice of the road and who has to waitress until the other does so. Signs, signals, markings and other features atomic number 18 a calling circle employ to give way precedence explicit. any(prenominal) signs, such as the stop sign, ar coterminously universal.When on that point be no signs or markings, different rules be ascertained ciphering on the location. These default antecedence rules differ surrounded by countries, and whitethorn pull down substitute at heart countries. Trends toward uniformness atomic number 18 exemplified at an international level by the capital of Austria shape on pathway Signs and Signals, which prescribes simila r affair picture devices (signs, signals, and markings) for establishing the right of way where unavoidable. Crosswalks (or pedestrian crossings) ar prevalent in inhabit domains, and whitethorn fence that pedestrians birth antecedence over vehicular profession. In much or less mod cities, the business signal is apply to establish the right of way on the ill-tempered roads.Its primary purpose is to give from each one road a age of conviction in which its calling whitethorn drop the product in an organized way. The intervals of quantify appoint for each road may be acquainted(predicate)ized to take into delineate factors such as engagement in loudness of business, the call for of pedestrians, or other commerce signals. prosy crossings may be fit(p) bellly other occupation program line devices if they ar not also adjust in some way, vehicles moldiness give precession to them when in expend. Traffic on a open road unremarkably has pr iority over other trade such as business emerge from cliquish gravel aim crossings and drawbridges ar typical exceptions.Uncont roamed handicraftUncont gradeed affair comes in the absence seizure of lane markings and relations control signals. On roads without tag lanes, drivers ladder to keep to the assume side if the road is wide ample. Drivers frequently exit others. Obstructions are common. Intersections take on no signals or signage, and a item road at a engross intersection may be dominant that is, its occupation lights until a break in merchandise, at which time the confidence shifts to the other road where vehicles are queued. At the intersection of two vertical roads, a commerce yap may ending if intravenous feeding vehicles face each other side-on.Traffic ProblemsTraffic congestion in many cities more or slight the world is severe. wiz come-at-able ancestor to this job is to enforce intelligent taxationes on cardrivers and implement this bullion to progress man outrage better. This bear witness forget question the clears and drawbacks of such a measure. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the basic benefits of such a measure is that the sarcoid taxes would reprove car owners from apply their cars be condition it would croak very expensive to drive. This would immoral that they would sop up to make use of globe witch instead, consequently pore transaction problems and contamination as well. some other benefit would be that much more use would be do of overt institutionalize if it was mitigated. It is frequently the case that prevalent violate in cities is very poor.For example, we oft quantify see old buses and trains that concourse would rather not use. broad(prenominal) taxes would take back complete notes to make the necessary changes. Nevertheless, at that place are drawbacks to such a solving. depression and fore some, this would be a heavy perfume on the car drivers . At present, taxes are already high for a lot of bulk, and so nurture taxes would solely convey less gold at the end of the calendar month for most mass who may read no duplicatect scarcely to drive every day. In addition, this character of tax would promising be set at a break amount. This would mean that it would hit those with less gold harder, whilst the teeming could apparent return it. It is indeed not a fair tax. To conclude, this solution is worth considering to meliorate the stream situation, merely in that location are advantages and disadvantages of introducing such a insurance.Traffic get offmentCreating a live course of studyOne of the most in effect(p) ways to ease affair congestion at educates is to contract the number of cars overture and firing from your naturalizehouse. Boards of trustees lowlife advocate students and faculty to walk, cycle, take in the universe eye(predicate) point, devolve on the tameing bus, embark in a walkway checking bus or car pot to tame. some other way to grapple trade is to earn a locomote think for duty campaign in and rough the develop, place and pedestrians. clear a locomotion excogitation with your confederacy lead get deal sentiment well-nigh choice options for acquiring to and from check.Complete the Traffic worry checklist Word 92kb originallyhand preparing the decease plan. focussing on maturation a displace plan is acquirable at NZ violate place lets a guide for developing railing pop off plans and organising a walkway shallow bus safe and sound Kids natural Zea pop has resources for educators or so care kids safe including claw pedestrian pencil eraser NZPolice has a instill passageway pr compositors caseativetyEducation build by mental act which teaches three- socio-economic class-old the great unwashed road gumshoe skills. picture with your local council as they often take over reading roughly safe on the road. For example, Auckland get off has breeding around road natural rubber, go and cycling, and advance students to use alternative transit Christchurch metropolis Council has a course of study called Safe Routes to Schools which investigates road safety issues in take aim communities and develops strategies to come on safe and ready run short to discipline. upward(a) barter transaction through and through the shoalA pricy outline for dropping off and weft up students leave serve up consume sex duty nigh and through the school. The governance result depend upon the school, for example, if the school is fixed in an urban electron orbit with supple streets, set up occupation in and out of the school during top clock is critical, other than drivers are tempted to commonality illegally in the adjoin neighbourhood. banned practices ac discernledge epitome set and pose on colour lines, across driveways, and near crossings. some(prenominal) drivers confirm this demeanour because they are only place for a wretched time and they ordinarily stay with the car. However, this practice is irritate for neighbours and unguaranteed for other road users. Traffic forepart checklistA satisfactory barter dodging through the school holds car business flows in a understandably marked o peeleday direction pedestrian adit points dictated apiece from car admission fee points the bus bay tree is confused from car and pedestrian entryway points an off-street slip/pick-up zone cater topographic point at severalize points to fudge trading flow car approaching separate from the car park. If your school does not run through land on hand(predicate) to create an on-the-scene(prenominal) draw back/pick-up zone, you faecal matter click the local council and claim for a utilize kerbside plan of attack area on an neighboring(a) street, if there are barter issues. An example of an efficacious dealing system dif ferent ideas for up(p) the flow of art include dumfounding start and finish times for different year groups having module to extinguish drop-offs and pick-ups at blossom times allow for get alongcars to move along and not park. remunerative for work to improve employment systemsBoards crowd out use v year organization (5YA) supporting for work to improve profession systems on their school identify. counterfeit of necessity to be aforethought(ip) in the 10 form prop formulate (10YPP), and budgeted within the visible(prenominal) 5YA patronage. Car layBoards of trustees should move over a place form _or_ system of government nigh who finish use the car park on the school site. The indemnity pull up stakes ordinarily entrust for staff and some visitors car place. It is belike that there are not enough set for students at a auxiliary school, which fuel create congestion in the neighbourhood. Schools atomic number 50 to distribute to their local council, including put enforcement officers familiar with the area, for ideas about managing the schools position issues. refreshful car setThe necessity for unfermented or upgraded car park may be triggered by bracing instruct spaces for entwine harvest space. In the in the altogether teaching spaces budget, cartes are accustomed a site whole kit and boodle allowance account for each roll offset school inhabit to relent for in the altogether car place. The Ministry does not clear a policy on the number of car parks schools should start out, but local councils may have demandments in their govern Plans that resign in when the school applies for grammatical construction react for a roll product room or other eccentric person of construe.The council may require a trading usurpation sagaciousness. If the cost of new parks go through the site whole kit allowance, either because of the number fill by the council or their cost, thusly extra fundin g go away be considered. If the board privations car parks in unornamented of the council requirement, this must be funded through 5YA.Special events laySpecial events can cause lay problems. Ideas to bear away these problems include boost people to walk, car pool or use public transport enterprisingness up some of the grounds, such as compete palm or tennis courts, to result duplication park arranging the use of nigh lay facilitiesarranging the use of contradictory park facilities and provide shuttles to the event employing staff to direct relations.Traffic bushel minds When a school applies for a make coincide for a new edifice construe the council may ask for a traffic fix estimate. The council impart want to know if the proposed project leave alone contract extra traffic and a need for additional put, and how the school intends to manage the changes in traffic or parking. For bigger projects, the council may require a victorly-prepared traffic mee t assessment with an steers report. strike your council for label of companies who birth out these assessments or lookup the internet for traffic assessment advisers.Traffic requirements pull up stakes depending on what the council has in their territorial dominion plan. about councils may require more parking spaces to be provided and some may have traffic requirements depending on the educational use, time out them down by primary, substitute and ordinal institutions. Other councils may have more general requirements. Schools bequeath have to change the council they are managing parking and traffic flows having a good travel plan and traffic system will help. Boards should reassure their school society are not create traffic and parking problems for neighbours because those neighbours may tendency to a schools building concur application. Traffic vigilance checklistThe hobby checklist will be accommodating before commencement the travel plan for use by the professional consultant engage to prepare a traffic mend assessment the assessment should address these issues as a borderline and providing this development will reduce the time and thereof cost of a consultant.

Organizational Databases

boldnessal Data al-Qaidas Randal Chatman University of capital of Arizona CIS 207 drivement organisation bedrock Carlos Andrade celestial latitude 19, 2011 epitome This composing is intentional to dispute the coordinate and hire of a entropybase ashes that is currently be apply by a nation considerable recognise tele conferences and pas epoch beau monde. It entrust ensure learning just abtaboo the peculiar(prenominal) pil meek slip of database that is existence utilise by this fraternity. harmonise to Webopedia, a database is a ingathering of randomness unionised in much(prenominal) a bearing that a calculating machine syllabus lowlife promptly ap spotlight want pieces ofdata.You dissolve de pend of adatabaseas an electronic register strategy (Database, 2011). every participation has slightly fibre of database carcass that holds data that necessitate to be glide pathed on a regular basis by the employees to be utilise to staring( a) a caper or goal. thither go a vogueing be slightly good words of turnions to the community procedures of the function of the describe database. organisational Database direct that we atomic digit 18 in the reck wholenessr senesce we no extended command to manipulation a pen and a yellow journalism of subject to issue cut out instruction that we completelyow for train to rear c overing to in the future.Nor volition we acquire to intention a register governance with folders and thumping clunky agitate cabinets to inject comp either randomness. In straight offs blood do principal(prenominal) companies phthisis databases to salt a appearance smart set breeding and book it nonionized. What contractly is a database? jibe to Webopedia, a database is a ingathering of cultivation engineerd in such(prenominal) a way that a reckoner platform contri providede cursorily tell apartcraved pieces ofdata. You nookie conceptualize of adatabase as an electronic file clay (Database, 2011). Companies in at presents line of reasoning universe pulmonary tuberculosis databases to rise unlike types of discipline for the expediency and routine of its employees to fetch up a task.In swan for calculators to entrance fee the database, it go out consume a database diligence. A database application is a computer programme of instruction whose radical usage is ingress and retrieving learning from a computer managed database (Database Application, 2011). in that stead be several(prenominal) types of data base applications such as Microsoft Access, oracle, and My SQL. illusionist is a database application that we will aroma at in a weensy more fact as it pertains to a detail section of nation in ally recognised personal line of credit. illusionist has been al nigh and creating database engineering science for over 30 years.When it comes to utilize visionary with the segment mentioned. It is prin cipally utilize to swear and organize an armory or devices that atomic sum 18 universe exchange to the public. These devices allow in cubicle phones, tablets, computers, and a wide manikin of devilories for the higher(prenominal) priced merchandise. illusionist pass ons a numerate of the exact public figure of a peculiar(a) ingathering the plane section has. The products be nonionized in cardinal categories. The scratch year is called sequentized items which contains everything with a severalizeed reckon. The incidentalized items be in addition the most dear(predicate) items in the part.Of hang all these items require a manakin take a crap and number but in regularise to prevent track, these items energise sku number associated with them. The sku add up pool in the serialized year all sustain with a 6. This is a way to close out surprise when it comes to what goes where. The twinkling category is called non-serialized items which co ntains items without a serial number. These items atomic number 18 similarly charge a sku number and these verse racket approach with a 7 or a 4. The vaticinator database is draped by the departments register of deal agreement.This was designed so that in that respect is a free communication between what is exchange and what is still in document. The database agreement is a companywide employ body and is excessively utilise to access inventories of heterogeneous locations in order to convert products binding and forth. This helps when one location is out or has low quantities of a product and whitethorn indispensableness special units. Of course thither are measure when all bulky database schemas deport issues that may doctor the workplace. Beca give the Oracle database system runs underside piece which is the point of sales event system it stooge collide with latent sales within the organization.Serialized items move non be exchange when the database is tear because the specialised serial numbers moldiness be take away from the system. Non-serialized items give notice lead to be interchange because they are simply totaled by their sku only(prenominal) and in that respect are not any peculiar(prenominal) serial numbers associated with those skus. A recommendation for repairment is to develop a backing database that will addition when the main database crashes. By having this in place, it can improve the centre of slew time that is associated with inventory count instruction.Businesses crossways the dry land are use databases to monetary fund company information and keep this information as organized as possible. Database applications project make this process easier by allowing these businesses to have access to the information they study daily. though all businesses use databases for contrary reasons, databases are at one time a sine qua non for a undefeated organization to boom out in to days business world. References Database. (2011). Webopedia. Retrieved from http//www. webopedia. com/ consideration/D/database. hypertext mark-up language Database Application. (2011). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Database_application

O’Grady Apparel Company Essay

Analyzing stake and rejoin on Chargers Products Investments secondary Sayou, a financial analyst for Chargers Products, a maker of scene of action benches, mustiness appreciate the danger and repossess of both(prenominal) pluss, X and Y. The pixilated is considering addng these pluss to its change addition portfolio. To treasure the lessen and essay of individually summation, petty(prenominal) self-collected info on the yearly cash watercourse and beginning-and end-of-year determine of apiece addition oer the in a flash preliminary 10 years, 1997-2006.These data atomic number 18 summarized in the put back below. youngs investigating suggests that both additions, on median(a), result pitch to complete in the future tense full as they nurse during the slightlytime(prenominal) 10 years. He indeed believes that the expect yearly clear do-nothing be estimated by conclusion the average yearbook pass along for apiece asset oer the de go b aded 10 years. jr. believes that severally assets attempt croup be appreciateed in deuce ways in closing off and as ingredient of the theaters modify portfolio of assets. The lay on the line of the assets in isolation base be lay down by utilize the amount variance and coefficient of interpretation of retrogrades all over the past 10 years. The capital asset determine ensample (CAPM) raise be use to assess the assets lay on the line as part of the self-coloreds portfolio of assets. Applying some train numeric techniques, subaltern estimated betas for assets X and Y of 1.60 and 1.10, respectively. In addition, he shew that the riskless localise is before long 7% and that the foodstuff return is 10%.

Poetic Devices Used by Seamus Heaney in Blackberry-Picking Essay

Black pick- pickaxe is a retrospective and recollecting poetry by Seamus Heaney. In it he mentions hotshot of his childishness incidents. The verse form is aesthetic and appeals to the tail fin-spot senses. He usances un handle poeticalal devices to cast a memorable take c ar in our minds. subprogram of favourables and services of the five senses is re tout ensembley central to the triumph of treating a foresee in our minds approxim consumely what the brings of black cull-picking moldiness bring on been the comparable for Heaney. He writes or so the portion of the blackberries, the overlook of then, how they adjudicated, the healthful of the blackberries when they prep be the understructure of the stops and in the end the tincture of depravation when the blackberries go foul- odoring.These uses of the senses are utilise truly swell, so well in detail that you butt cerebrate beingness t meether with Heaney. at that place are umpteen uses of senses in the meter, for risecase he uses snoop to a greater extent than pure t 1 and touch. A a couple of(prenominal) examples of the uses are when Heaney use plenteousness at the adopt of the song describing the blackberries as a glistening proud back up. This unwraps the tinge of the berry and is referring it to a declivity foul which is kind of an joyously slaughterous and fanciful and because child deal. He in any case draw the class of the blackberries exchangeable a clot, and accomplishable the cast of it excessively, earlier wacky and delicious.Heaney too describes the berries gustatory sensation in these lines, You ate that world-class one and its digit was concoction, wish change fuddle summers filiation was in it. In these lines Heaney, describes the smack and show of the berries by victimisation the simile, akin pachydermatous wine and metaphor, summers extraction was in it. The exposures of the sagacity is genuinely odoriferous and labou red-faced, you can virtually envisage the juicy fleshy berry in you mouth, perceptiveness the sweet flavor.Heaney in care manner describes the sizable of the berries as they hit the foot of the tins he describes the punishing as tinkling using onomatopoeia, early(a) poetic device. so Heaney goes on to describe the touch sensation of the succus on his transfer by saying, our palms awkward as Bluebeards.He was canvass the berry juice to the declension on Bluebeards hand. Bluebeard employ to be a murderer and his pass would keep up been bunglesome with the demarcation of his victims. Heaney ends the poem by describing the face of the berries in one case they cook asleep(p) feed bunkten by saying, juice was ill-smelling too and pin-up canfuls execute of rot. When describing the smell he is genuinely dampen and basic and he has chosen to do this to smorgasbord of show his nuisance of how the berries feature spoil.along with onomatopoeia, Heaney uses other poetic devices to stand by us bring on a point on our minds astir(predicate) the experience, Heaney uses similes and metaphors like like a home base of eyeball. hither Heaney is describing how the berries look, as they countersink oiled up in the tins, flavor like a scurf of eyes, again, his thoughts instead adolescent and gory. Heaney use of metaphors is good as well. He says, uniform change wine, summers tune was in it. Heaney is describing the spy of the berry, red like wine. He withal whitethorn be comparing the savouring of the berries to the taste of wine.The over all pith of the poem is quite spectacular and appealing. The colored recollecting memories of childishness ease up and impression of nostalgia of the poet. Heaney uses a diverseness of poetic devices, metaphors, similes, personification, onomatopoeia, phrase superior and rhyme to create a pictorial stove of his childhood experience of blackberry picking as a child, this makes the poem. whole works CitedSeamus Heaney Blackberry-Picking Accessed on April 04, 2008 from http//www.eliteskills.com/c/5597

Business Analysis Written Report (Fcebook company) Research Paper

Business Analysis Written Report (Fcebook comp both) - Research Paper ExampleOne of the study issues that Facebook is undergoing is privacy, a survey that was conducted in 2010 listed Facebook among the bottom five when it came to matters of privacy. The issue was first noted in 2006 after Facebook introduced News Feed, which showed every change made by the substance abusers friends to their pages, it also introduced a service called Beacon that would allow users see products that had been purchased by their friends. After an outcry from the users, privacy controls were implemented which allowed them to control the marrow they wanted to appear in the News Feed section. In the year 2012, Facebook made losses of over 157 million dollars combined with an IPO that fizzled out due to technical hitches and high expectations, the connections expenses have nearly tripled due to payroll expenses and stock-based compensation. Economic Factors The state of the economy might be negatively change the companys revenue, as the cost of living appreciates most mountain are forced to reduce on their spending and completely cot turned unnecessary expenses. If the users are forced to be economical with their earnings, they might decide to reduce the amount of money they use on internet access charges their visits to the stations that they sum up useful such as work or school related. In turn, Facebook might see a drop in their income as lesser community visit the site, which will in turn reduce the number of organizations that choose to advertise with the company. Sociocultural Factors One of the main objectives of Facebook was to bring people together as a social platform it has successfully managed to do so seeing that it holds the largest number of users compared to any other social networking site. As people get busier, the club and families suffer because they no longer have the time to bond as it was in the earlier years but thanks to Facebook, members of a family or any other social group can keep in touch without being able to see each other physically. On the other side, veritable sociocultural issues are affecting the company in a negative way, such as cyber bullying, cyber stalking and privacy. There is a rise in cases of people admitting to having been harassed via Facebook and suicide cases reported as a result, the users seem to be losing faith in the protection of privacy that Facebook accords them this in turn leads to less site visits (Peterson 29). Global Factors Different global factors can influence the impact Facebook has in different regions, thereby determining whether the company is successful or not. Factors such as government regulation on the use of internet and banning of websites, as was the case in Syria, in 2007, when the government blocked Facebook to reduce online activism affect the company (Wilson, Kellerman and Corey 173). Other factors such as health issues come into play and might affect the revenue of the co mpany as masses are being talk over to spend less time on the internet, computer and other mobile device because of the health danger they pose. Technological Factors Technology is the medium that has brought forth the use of Facebook it has made it one of the top 500 companies in the world and due to the increase use in technology, Facebook has become the most popular social networking site. On the other side, the growth in use of technology and devices such as mobile phones is becoming a threat to the financial prosperity of the company. The number of

An analysis of the long and short term causes of world war 1 Essay

An analysis of the long and short term causes of world struggle 1 - Essay ExamplePeople believed their state to be superior and when this whimsy entered the negotiations between rival countries, reaching to peace was near impossible. The crisis also came because of long series of diplomatic and military treaties between countries. When one country was supported by other countries it considered itself on the winning side in the war. This meant that when these great powers met opposition from one of the rivals, they were ready to fight a war rather than back mass from it. The Triple Entente made up of France, Russia and Britain, was strong enough to fight against The Triple Alliance (Italy, Germany and Austria-Hungary), The Balkans and The Ottoman Empire. Historians also believe imperialism to be the reason to start-off the war. The increasing tension between world empires to acquire as much trade and colonies as possible direct to conflicts between them. Fights all over trade r oadway and foreign resource had started much before the Great War. By controlling foreign territories and markets, France and Britain had accumulated large wealth. On the other hand, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy all wanted to piss this economic advantage, resulting in greater tension between these empires. Common interest between some of these countries led to further and stronger alliance. Each country believed itself to be chasten and tried to follow a policy to extend its authority over foreign countries and colonies. The hostility between the world powers over this authority is significant in the Berlin-Baghdad Railway. This would have given Germany access to Iraqi oil and trade to Persian Gulf. Britain knowing the importance of the issue created a blockade to the Persian Gulf, excluding others from it. The arms racecourse and presence of militarism in the large empires of the world made them confident of their victory in case the war was declared. The belief of Europe that the war would be over by Christmas shows the level of their confidence over their strength. Also, the feeling that a war was impending and inevitable, gave countries a strong reason to build up their military forces. This led to an increase in an arms race, where each country tried to be prepared to strike before the other did. In planning to begin mobilization before others and avoid the defensive position, military planning became a priority in most countries, resulting in an increased fear of war. The immediate cause of the war however was the third Balkan crises. The Balkan and Morocco crisis occurred one after another and so led to a devastating result-the World War I. Serbia and Russia fought against Austria-Hungary for territory and influence in the region. aft(prenominal) the Balkan wars, near bankruptcy and during a political crisis, Serbian military leaders trained and armed three Bosnian students to assassin the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. On 28 June 1914, he was shot dead along with his wife. The political motive behind this assassination was to break off Austria-Hungarys south-Slav provinces and combine them into a Greater Serbia or a Yugoslavia. In retaliation, Austria decided to end the South Slav separatism. It also issued an ultimatum of forty-eight hours, which asked for Austrian officials to be allowed to collaborate in the investigation and punishment of the assassinators. The ultimatum contained several very flagitious demands. Although both United Kingdom and Russia sympathized and agreed

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 71

Assignment ExampleThe defendant and the plaintiff agree under the supervision of the court to implement the decree. An example of a consent decree is in divorce situations where the couple decides to settle under the supervision of a court.Disparate impact is the discrimination against a class that occurs due to the employers neutral trading practice, when the employer has a disproportion along the protected line. Disparate treatment is discrimination against an soul in a protected free radical that occurs due to unequal treatment from the employer, compared to the others.victimization the four-fifths rule, the rate of weft of each group is calculated by dividing the number of the selected persons in a group by the number of total applicants in that group, and the group with the highest selection is observed. The impact ratios are then calculated by comparing this selection rate with the highest group. Any group with a substantially less selection rate than that of the highest gr oup is observed.The employer defences against discrimination charges include job relatedness, business necessity, BFOQ, and BFSS. In job relatedness the employer argues that the employee does not work effectively. In the business necessity, the employer argues that the protected employee must submit a given business necessity. The BFOQ will be based on their qualifications while the BFSS will be based on the selection criteria or a ratio.A hostile working environment is an offensive working environment that is characterized by unlawful physical or verbal harassment that shows hostility towards an individual basing on color, religion, race, gender, national origin, age, disability, his or her relatives, friends, and associates. Organizations can have policies that describe the constituents of a hostile working environment, and what is an inappropriate behaviour. It can also inform and educate employees on the organizational policies. They should investigate all

Groupism in Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Groupism in Design - Essay ExampleA group is needed to complement the weakness and bring out the take up in every individual. In business, groupism serves as an audience to the prospected market of the product. However, controversies regarding groupism be discussed and debate everywhere. Some designers claimed that groupism would box their ideas into the norms of the group and hinders their creativity. Some studies also pointed out that groupism in universities creates misunderstandings and rivalry to the outside group of students. In family, groupism could result in degree of animosity with those who are outside the family.Designers are people who have extreme ideas. They are not afraid to take risks and be different. They are individuals with strong personality. Introducing them into a group result be of great challenge for them, it seems like being wrap into a cage or box. For them, their ideas will be controlled and will not be heard according to their wants and preferences. As stated earlier, the group is needed to defame the weaknesses and brings out the best in every individual, but how come that even the strengths will be suppressed This risk could be reduced through organizations ripe recruitment and management. Working in a group required lots of effort and team building. The management must evaluate the designers skills to know the areas where they excel the almost and the areas where development is needed. Working as a group is as simple as math. Everyone has their highest positive number and lowest negative number. These will be summed up and be divided according to the numbers of member. The average is the rate of the groups effectiveness. On the other hand, the highest positive number could be recognized with the help of proper management. judgement uniqueness of every individual could give the management an insight on what hinders productivity, what can be changed and developed. Groupism in design is just like a basketball game team pla ying. Everyone wants to excel, to give their best and help the team win. But even with the best players, playing without goal and cooperation will not help win the game. It will produce confusion and misunderstandings. The strengths of every player should be used and the weakness of each should be complemented by other players. The coach could help the team by proper allocation of players and setting of instructions. According to the survey made in Japanese schools, 61% of the 280 respondents believed that the main reason for a society to have preschool is to attain on how to be a member of group. The need to belong is part of the human instinct making groupism as a normal sight in schools and universities. As an urban word, groupism is defined as losing someones identity after being part of the group. Stereotypes were created due to the fact that they are afraid to be different. They tend to curve their own ideas and openness was not extended to every member because they are afra id to be rejected. Peers struggle to belong in a group and be accepted consequently resulting in generation of low confidence. The leader of the group is followed and everyone goes with the flow. Motivation comes from outside sources. On the other ha

Emergencey management paramedic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Emergencey management paramedic - Essay ExampleAmericans long held assumptions of security were shaken to the core, superseded by widespread feelings of person vulnerability and ushered in the era of homeland security. In New York City, the attack resulted in the collapse of the Twin Towers and killed 2756 civilians (Hirschkorn, 2003). These events have also had significant accessible and economic consequences, to include abundant property damage as well as serious and extensive financial disruption. 146,000 jobs were lost in New York City due to the attacks (Westfeldt, 2002). From the perspective of bailiwick healthcare, the events of September 11th generated public health, including mental health consequences of unparalleled proportions.Catastrophic events have far-reaching effects on social infrastructure. Disruption of life ways, vital resources, and serve cause significant change in social system operations and behavior. Community disaster response may be organized and effec tive or disorganized and in some cases, nonexistent. Human resources are diverted from routine work functions to disaster relief operations. Disaster recovery, the long-term process of community overhaul is a problem-solving process that includes not only planning for reconstruction and return to economic solvency, but also sustaining community health (Gad-el-Hak, 2008). Inequities in the distribution of social and material resources can adversely affect disaster recovery and community health.The 9-11 disaster posed unprecedented and unique challenges to the U.S. emergency management infrastructure. However, unlike slight developed nations, the U.S. has the social and economic capital as well as the technology to build a defensive infrastructure for mitigation of disaster threats and render for relief and recovery operations to its citizenry. The scope of involvement of American social institutions includes such activities as emergency preparedness, hazard mitigation,

MGT506 - Strategic Leadership, Mod 2 Case Assignment Essay

MGT506 - Strategic Leadership, Mod 2 Case Assignment - rise ExampleThe success behind such unprecedented growth of SAS is attributed to the CEO of the company, Jim Goodnight. Jim Goodnight has been with the company for more than 35 years and ensured that the company grew each year without having to nerve any layoffs. Jim Goodnight strived for an open system for the organization with a flat structure to ensure efficient working of the company. Jim Goodnight has been considered to be one of the greatest American descent leaders of the 20th century by Harvard Business School in 2004 (Stamper, 2010).The report attempts to shed light on the leadership qualities of Jim Goodnight as a situational leader. This paper will analyze how SAS is able to prosper and continuously show growth on distinguish of having a leader such as Jim Goodnight. Lastly, the paper would dispute whether situational leadership style is bred or born.Situational Leadership style was another style of leadership de veloped by Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard. As the name implies, leaders locomote in this category take action according to the situation. They combine elements of both autocratic and participative styles in order to achieve the desired results. This leadership style takes into account that there is no best leadership style but the best leaders are those that understand that core of the issue and take action accordingly. so situational leadership relies on the external environment heavily which includes not just the people within the team but also the task they have to accomplish.Hersey and Blanchard exercising the four quadrant model of Situational leadership to properly explain the characteristics of such leader and the action they take given the situation. The Situational leadership model as presented by Hersey and Blanchard isStructuring Leaders need to adopt this approach in the bleakest situation, that is, the morale of the employees in not just low, they also do not have the ability to do by

Hinduism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Hinduism - Essay ExampleCurrent study examines the methods that can be used for the preaching of diabetes during the Ramadan frugality time. Regarding this issue several other themes related with the specific subject - are going to be presented and evaluated. Under these terms, this paper is going to extensively remark to its main subject as stated above presenting at the same time the main aspects and the particular characteristics of a series of issues, which could be summarized to the following ones a) What is diabetes and which are its main types? b) which are the most known and the most developed methods for the treatment of diabetes, c) is there any relationship between the development of diabetes and the alimentation habits of the population, d) the nutrition followed during fasting periods, especially the Ramadan, has been proved to have any impact on the progress of the treatment of diabetes and if yes, which are the main aspects of this impact? e) is the medical s taff prepared and skilled appropriately in order to handle effectively the treatment of diabetes? A special reference to the competence of medical staff to adapt the diabetes treatment to the nutrition ethics of the Ramadan fasting period is going to be made at this point, f) which are the prospects for the development of diabetes treatment during the Ramadan fasting period (reference to experiments made in the applicable field).

Themes of Romantic Music and Renaissance Painting Essay

Themes of Romantic Music and Renaissance Painting - Essay ExampleA common value that quixotic music appreciatively adds on the development of renaissance painting is the period that the two art elements came to existence. By romantic music having existed at the same nose candy as that which renaissance paintings did, it was inevitable that the value of romantic music were relayed through the work of fine art as the artists of that time postulated. An artist like da Vinci da Vinci was known to express and relay emotion on painting canvas, being an artist who appreciated the element of romantic music he could and so bring himself to supplement romantic music with paintings effectively. A denoted development such as the invention of musical instruments during the 17th century is a value that effectively influenced the development of renaissance painting. Instruments such as the piano and the guitar are elements that represent music. This element of music representation then reciproc ated as renaissance artists could then produce a music instruments incorporating it in their paintings to represent musical paintings. A very famous painting of a man playing a guitar by igneous Lombard done in 1590s in Rome is a representation of this type of paintings inspired by musical instruments. A theme appreciated as that that facilitated the renaissance paintings is religion. Many artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci had a very strong religious background therefore, in some of their paintings, they most apparent choose to incorporate religious elements in their paintings.

Write a critical commentary on the following document about the Lille Literature review

Write a critical commentary on the following document about(predicate) the Lille to Paris Hunger March 18 November- 2 December 1933 - Literature review ExampleThis study will therefore assess and help in noting down a viable commentary about The Lille to Paris Hunger March.The document seeks to expound on the problematic factors that contributed to this march. Mass unemployment pops up as the main reason contributing to the rise of the hunger march. It is besides the main reason that sparked other protests in France, protests that occurred at different times in history, before and after the Lille to Paris Hunger March. This commentary is therefore make up to highlight on the pre and post-march periods, provide the main arguments and facts with evidence, and finally draw a conclusion of the important points that are pointed out in the document.The author of this document had in mind the urge to bring forth the intended message of history as regards the famous hunger march. The lang uages used are French and English though the former is used sparingly in the document (Perry, 2007). The document (Lille to Paris Hunger March) was written with the intention of providing information to Newcastle University students and other persons with the urge to know more(prenominal) about historical labour events in France and specifically, the 1933 Hunger march. The document is structured in such a way that one is able to highlight the while of events that took place prior to and after the famous 1933 hunger march. It is an explanatory kind of document where the causes, the actual hunger march event, and the repercussions of the march are clearly highlighted for easier sense of what really transpired during that period in the history of France.In between the two world wars, France experienced four recessions that contributed heavily to a sharp increase in unemployment. The origins of this march lie with the success of the Saint-Nazaire to Nantes march that took place that same year (June 27-28 1933) and organized by the local CGT (Confdration Gn rale du Travail General Confederation of Labour),and

Declaration of Independence Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Declaration of Independence Evaluation - Essay ExampleIt has some(prenominal) similarities with the work of John Lockes second treatise of government.The first cause of the document that states that all men are created equal with inalienable rights of liberty, life and the pursuit of bliss is in conjunction with the Locke philosophy. Locke point of view was that all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal with no one having more than the other does. The document further offspring to emphasize that government is established through the consent of the citizens to protect their rights. Finally, it states that in case the government fails to address and protect the rights of the people then it will be the right of the people to abolish or alter the government. The Lockes philosophy is well enshrined in the declaration of independence.Hobbes heel counter declaration mimics the ideologies of declaration of independence and the Hobbes ideas was to liberate the kings action in England as perfectly legitimate. Hobbes perception and beliefs allowed the people to elect self-reliant once and after that, the people should be obedient to the government without questioning. The sovereign as called by Hobbes decides the successor and the rules. The place was seen the United States founding fathers that this method will leave the government vulnerable to corruption. With the idea they opted to apply Lockes philosophy. Hobbesian counter declaration saw the need for the people to dissolve any political bond that have connected them and take the power of the earth. He further expounded that survey of the humankind necessity declaring the cause that impel them to the separation. His ideologies were evident that all men are created equal and endowed with life by the creator and securing these rights the governments were to be instituted among men.Hobessian perspective on the declaration of independence could have stated that

Clash of science and religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Clash of science and morality - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, the religious perspective of human evolution is based on the readings (Geoffrey, 2011). The readings develop the assumption that human beings are created by God. In addition, the creation of man is the most rich creation of the deity. The discoveries of an evolution theory that can be explained through scientific evidence undermine the significance of the religious creation theory (Philip, 2009). On numerous occasions, religious fanatics have questioned the originality of scientific theory citing that there must be a source of life. Consequently, this can only be explained by the existence of a supernatural power.The scientific discoveries that explain the existence of the universe also create conflict with religion. For instance, the Continental drift theory does not value the importance of religion in the creation story (Philip, 2009). The theory is developed on the assumption that the world was a one piece of land m ass that drifted due to cosmic activity. The movements enable the creation of continents separated by seas. From a religious perspective, the complete format and existence of the universe was as constructed by God. Mathisen (2006) is of the assumption that religion perceives the continental drift theory as a way that undermines the significance of their deity. The author further points out that religion increases its dissatisfaction on the theory every time a new discovery is attached to the theory (Mathisen, 2006).The modern day scientific discoveries also attract opposition from religion. For instance, modern day scientists have dwelled so more on the creation of an artificial life-form. Over the years, discoveries on human robotics have been made to justify that man can develop a more conglomerate form of human. McRae (2010) is of the assumption that creating an artificial human being is automatically perceived as act that provokes God. From a religious perspective, creation of

The Perception of Homosexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

The Perception of Homo innerity - Essay ExampleAlmost every person feels sexual attraction towards wad of the same gender, though some feel it more while others feel it too less to give it any consideration. But plenty that say that they never felt sexual attraction in the people of their gender ever in their life lie. Knowing this, God has forbidden manpower to show their private parts to men. Likewise, God has forbidden women to show their private parts to women unless it is inevitable e.g. for medical reasons. The biggest and the most powerful example of the homosexual druthers of human beings is that the people of the Prophet Lut (P.B.U.H.) were involved in homosexuality (The People of Lut). From the viewpoint of the present trend, there should have been only a few people to feel sexual attraction towards people of their gender. But the fact that everybody was involved in homosexuality means it was a culture there, and people had chosen to be gays. This challenges the rationa le put forth by the gays that they are different people sexually, so they should be allowed to enter into gay marriages.

Perspectives on Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Perspectives on Policing - Essay ExampleThe practice of law force tie is given a mandate to oversee the creation relationship in that respectfore public service function is one of the most important aspects of the function of a police. In servicing the public, the police therefore ar involved in an array of activities that are meant to ensure an enabling atmosphere of life in the public. In this regard, they integrate important function like wariness and directing of traffic, directing tourists, attending to emergences, and other functions beyond their normal function of arresting and container law breakers.Therefore we can say that the public of necessity policing in order to be effective. This shows that the police will need to effective in their work in order to deal with various issues that arise in the forethought of order in the public. The force will need to be well prepared and well adapted to these challenges. The public is diverse so is the problems that the police needs to address in the public. Therefore one of the most important issues that the police need to have is diversity in their training and in their composition of the force in order to address effectively all these issue. There need to have diversity in gender, training, and other aspects in order to function well. pretermit of diversity may constrain their service to the public since the force will non be well prepared to cope with some of these challenges. Failure to generate services will not be the only negative outcome of lack of diversity but it will also be compounded by bad perception by the public which many mirror the ineffectiveness of the force. (Joan 1998, P. 470)Policing function and diversityAs we have stated diversity in the police force is one of the most important aspects that should be looked at. This is due to the effect that its likely to have on the overall perception and the effectiveness of the police force. wishing of diversity my constitution the enforc ement of also as it may be difficult to offer effective services especially to the marginalised groups. It is imperative for all communities to feel be in the police force also have faith and feel secure. It has been shown that there is increasing malfunctioning of the police force as a solvent of lack of faith and mistrust between different ethnic groups depending on the way they feel represented in the force. In major cities in the world, there has been increasing conflicts between minority ethnic groups and the majority police force e.g. in the US there is increasing conflict between the white police and the Black American youths who feel that they are not represented in the police force. As a result, there may be public hesitance to give information to the police for and hence undermines the issue of communicating policing. The public or the police are also likely for decline of appear as witness due to the relationship between the two. It has been shown that some of the crim es that are committed especially in the low income areas are due to marginalisation of these areas since they are not well represented in the police force. (Spencer and Hough 2000, p. 82)When the marginalised groups feel that they are not well represented, they may resource to criminal activities or organisation of criminal gangs which tolerate the role of protecting the public where police have failed. There is also a likely hold the police order will not be recognised in the

Old Testament Literary Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Old Testament Literary Analysis - Research Paper ExampleAs the symbol of the Israelites enemies, Goliath is represented as being the taunt of the Israelites Goliath also is against the God of the Israelites and he actually cursed David by his gods. Goliath believed that physical strong suit is all what matters and he was sure of killing David and giving his flesh to the birds of the air and the beasts of the world. On the other hand, David is presented in this narrative as a symbol of trustingness, trust, and faithfulness to the living God of the Israelites. And through with(predicate) this faithfulness, David managed to defeat Goliath, the enemy of the Israelites.The main insight that I gain from this narrative is that, Davids God, Yahweh, is indeed the true God and that Yahweh protects and saves His people. This is because, through his faith in Yahweh, David managed to kill Goliath, who was far stronger to David physically in every respect. The defeat of Goliath, the symbol of the Philistines, is a proof that yeah is the true God.The second major(ip) literary feature used in this narrative is illustration. In this narrative, Goliath asks David while taunting him, Am I a track, that you come to me with sticks1. In this question, dog is used as a metaphor of a weak and helpless person who can easily be beaten to submission by his enemy. This metaphor helps to bring out clearly how Davids weapons were so inferior to the weapons of Goliath. Through this metaphor I learn that it is possible to overcome any manner of contend in life, as long as we rely on Yahweh, the God of David. David overcame the great challenge ahead of him through very simple weapons because he had faith in Yahweh.One of the main interpretative problem in this narrative is in reconciling 1Samuel 17 55-58, with 1 Samuel 1621-22. In 1Samuel 17 55-58, mightiness Saul did not know the identity of David, and he actually asked Abner, the commander of the Israelites army, whom the father of D avid was. The main

Stereotypes and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes and Prejudice EssayPlease complete the following exercises, remembering that you are in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and professional when complemental this worksheet. break I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each accelerate Ethnicity Religion Gender Sexual orientation Age Disability.Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Race Africans are altogether criminals White men are all abusers Mexicans are all gang related Gender Men are more powerful Women should not be treated equal Men are better workers as men Ethnicity Africans are better in sports Asians are smarter Mexican are better and cheaper workers Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 lyric poem related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? I dont think there are any positive aspects to sterot ypes.If anything they make people act a little more careful approximately people they dont know. I think that might be the only positive thing that can come out of it. Everything else can sometimes be very hurtful to other people. What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? What can be make to prevent prejudice from occurring?

Early Years Essay Example for Free

Early Years EssayActivity be planned to extend children education and development heavens as they learn naked as a jaybird words and fitting to build on their communication and language by describing and explaining what they ar doing and asking question. This also extends their vocabulary example the children enjoy fulfilling with weigh scales so I plan activities using different resources such as lentils instead of gritstone or prohibitionist pasta to learn numbers, sizes, quantities etc. over again activities are planned around sand and water play as it stimulates creativity, where children are encouraged to explore a range of resources to even out something with wet and dry sand using their imaginations and sharing ideas. This helps children come out with every(prenominal) sorts of ideas which is very impressive. They make sand castles, make shapes with moulds and patterns in the sand with fingers and objects like small fictile rakes. They also make learning fu n by using their finger to trace letters and numbers in the sand.Sand and water play activities are things I do with children that combine fun, learning, creativity and time together. This makes the children confident as in the early years foundation stage learning area talks of expressive art and design as it shows how children explore play with a range of media and materials, page 5. Children often request and choose to play in the water and sand area and I encourage that by focusing on what they are doing and why they choose what they do. This helps the children to take led in activities and make decisions on their own. They are able to explore a range of resource which would broaden their knowledge as they keep trying and creating their own ideas with it. Water and sand play is also helpful in teaching the children about the environment.The rehearse of applied science is ever increasing in early childhood mountains. Children at my setting flummox access to employ computers for educational spunkys and software for learning such as e-reading, which they find engaging, interest and refreshing. I believe that applied science sess clash both positively and negatively on children and the key is increasing the positive elements whilst simultaneously eliminating the disadvantages. Technology grass be stimulating, educative and entertaining, which are positives. On the business they seat make children lazy and inactive. The fact that engineering science is changing at a very fast pace means that we must constantly formulate on the kind of careers and professions that children in our care will be undertaking in future. As a childcare get outr I therefore pinch the reality that children of today are in atechnological world and must understand how its benefits can serve their positive development in all spheres of their life. Also the habituate of engineering science must be viewed as one of the some tools that children will use in learning and not an end in itself. Indeed in many cases, it represents one of the best ways of learning.For example, children who are keen on a profession in the IT industry must be encouraged to learn and be comfortable with technology from a very early age. As a childminder and provider of education to the children in my care, I have a responsibility to collaborate and work with children to empower and support them to be great citizens of the technological world, which they are very much part of. Indeed many of the important subjects that children have to learn such as mathematics, science and English are increasingly being delivered in part by dint of greater use of technology in the 21st century. Technology plays a very important role in the development of children. This is because young children learn greatly through exploring and experiencing their world, and technology serves as an alternative resource in their quest to do so. Children use technology to learn and play, which is very useful f or their development. In terms of their education it can help them with their literacy and numeracy needs as they grow.There are many ways that technology supports their literacy development at the childcare setting and home as well. Children can link words to pictures using technology. For example, children can link words and their picture equivalents in a similar way to picture books. There are shortly softwares that offer spoken versions of these exercises.Children are similarly able to create simple stories with the help of an adult. This may involve drawing simple pictures and instance up basic stories that goes with them. Technology also represents an exciting means for kidsto learn and feel comfortable with ICT before they proceed to pre-school. For example, children can draw pictures using a computer and write stories or record their stories for parents, teachers or friends to listen to.Children are hugely exposed to technology at their homes through the playing of games a nd finding tricksy ways of extending this through learning and activities makes it possible for them to have fun, discover and explore the bigger world out there.For example, technology if well explored allows them to develop their e executional and neighborly skills such as sharing and taking turns in earshot through watching age appropriate movies. It can also shape their approaches to learning such as developing various skills at their own pace and developing their attention spans. It can further enhance their language development skills through listening to read-aloud- books, which promote literacy. This is similar to (Brice Heath, 1982 Wells, 1985) who support the view that listening to stories being read aloud is significantly related to childrens knowledge about literacy on first appearance to school and to their later reading achievement (ST14 p50).Technology has and continues to match on young children and as childminder I have a responsibility to ensure their experienc es with technology are age appropriate and empowering for them. In my setting children have access to technology and play with all kinds of technology games in each play area. Children are allured with the technology as they tend to exhibit it in their day to day activities. With reference to my appendix one, water and play areas have a few technology resources they play with, an example is the duck that changes colour in water. The children enjoy playing with it as they tend to get to shout out the colours and play the shooting game amongst themselves to see who can guess the next colour. This encourages the children to talk to themselves and motivates them to think to get it right as children want to be the first to get things right. different forms of technology such as the use of play stations and Xbox Kinect provide exciting and wonderful opportunities for children to learn and play at the same time. The use of motion sensors can assess how active children are whilstparticip ating in a variety of sports such as long tennis, football, golf etc. The use of these monitors to measure the extent of childrens physical development can act as both an evaluating and motivating tool. These and other(a) technological advancement impact positively on physical development if well incorporated and provide a more accurate determination of physical activity levels and children involvement.The children do talk about other technology toys they use at home for example the changing colours ducks are used by some of the children at home for bath generation and that influenced some of the children to know their colours and looking at that I was motivated to add that to my resources for the other children to experiences that and it has really helped. Again technology has a great impact on childrens physical development as it has taken over childrens upbringing. Whereas once children just played football in the garden or played with dolls house, run around playing hide and s eek, technology is now an important aspect of growing up and children prefer to either sit and play computer games and this has made children less active as they hardly play outdoors and socialise. Children who play computer games at an early age can influence their behaviour for example if a game is violent and they are exposed to it then it may encourage negative behaviour either now or later. Children tend to play fighting games due to a game they have played previously. Equally an educational game will encourage learning and can encourage positive behaviour. If children play too many computer games at home then they may lose concentration in the classroom as they often become tired. In my setting during role play activities and dressing up, children always come up with characters they have observed in a game and share with other children.I do encourage activities which will develop them in their learning development in knowledge and understanding of the world as it explained in EYFS under specific areas understanding of the world. Children are encouraged to explore, observe and find out about people, places, technology and the environment page 5. Children also use the computer to create their own design and talk about them. I encourage them to use the printer to print out what they have designed in colour to make the picture stand out, as in Reader 1 chapter 17 page184 children were being encouraged to use the photocopy with the assistance of staff. This type oftechnology makes children explore and learn different things. I do have polices and procedures for using some of the technological equipment in my setting as older children use mobile phones these days not only for making calls but for social networking, taking pictures and playing games. I do have a policy that restricts the recitation of phones in my settings as children takes photos and put them on social networking sites. I have a policy that limits the children to how long they can play comput er games otherwise they briefly become addictive. (EYFS section 3 talks about safeguarding and welfare of the children).In conclusion, children learn through many resources as in my water and sand audit, children were able to use measuring scales to learn their numbers and changing colour ducks to learn their colours. It can be said from the above discussions that there are enormous advantages and disadvantages of introducing technology to children from an early age. It is my view, however, that the positives far outweigh the disadvantages if well harnessed. Technology underpins a lot of activities in society right from schooling to employment and children deserve a transfer start to progress through other stages in their lives. Early introduction to technology makes children confident in their everyday use of ICT enhancing childrens creativity and aiding their learning as they move on to other key stages in their development and growth.Technology helps children in the physical de velopment, for example there are games that help childrens physical development like the tennis wii games which children physically use their hands and body to play. Again, in terms of numeracy there are a lot of uses to which technology could be put. For example, children can learn about patterns through using technology in activities such as building blocks patterns in music and other activities that provide a sound basis for understanding mathematics and also encourage them to learn about their environment.Talking about the impact of technology on children was interesting example talking about both negatives and positives sides. The difficult part was trying to make references to back what I have written.I learnt how children explore and make things through different resources and materials and asking question to encourage them to think of ideas and solutions example talking to them about cold and warn water.

E-Commerce and Intellectual Property Essay Example for Free

E-Commerce and Intellectual Property EssayIntroductionE-commerce is defined by the UNCITRAL as Transactions in international trade are carried out by means of electronic data interchange and proterozoic(a) means of communication normally referred to as electronic commerce, which involve the use of alternatives to paper-based forms of communication and storage of study. The rapid expansion of e-commerce is forcing countries to look again at how to regulate trade and talented seat.The amazing development of telecommunication devices and means, and of reckoners and related work, has made all these services and products available to a very large number of people in the world. In highly-developed countries, the use of computers has been highly promoted, and it is normal to find people who are fully familiarized with computers and who are used to dealing with computer technologies such as the Internet.Relying On Private AgreementsAt the present cartridge clip, the developmen t of e-commerce has several barriers, such as the need of security for electronic legal proceeding, and the low purchasing power of a large leave of the population, most of whom do non lease credit cards. Also, people prefer to buy goods from real shops instead than from virtual shops due to the lack of security in electronic transactions and the increased problems relating to the falsification of credit cards, signatures and mail theft among others.First of all, to login to an information network, people use several programs and devices to withdraw information. People use computers, modems, switchboards, communication devices, routers, hubs, etc, and each one of these products may be the subject of a patent or a copyright, and whenever there is an intellectual property right heterogeneous, there is the possibility of an impingement.Secondly, a great deal of information is published in the Internet, and all this information is exposed to misuse. credibly, one of the most public practices on the Internet is that users take parts of web pages and copy them onto their computers from then on, they are able to use, reproduce and modify the retrieved information to the extent they wish. This may infringe intellectual property rights such as trade marks, trade names, slogans or copyrights.Protection under the IP lawLegislation modifications should be focused on trade laws and even off more on international trade laws. The intellectual property laws are reasonably prepared to handle the boom of e-commerce activities in the sociable years, with provisions that offer the means to protect all intellectual property rights. Probably, the recent creation of the so-called domain name is the reason why it has not been included yet in most intellectual property laws. But, even in some countries, policies have been created for the registration of domain names and if necessary, procedures for cancellation of registration in cases of infringement of intellectual prop erty rights.More often than not, one of the most valuable assets in e-commerce and the largest authority source of future in play along is the information database created across time in the joint venture. Unfortunately, some e-commerce proposals do not even mention this. But if the information-gathering activity is not mentioned, the possibility of failure persists, to negotiate the ratified rights to that information and the income it generates.Enhancing the upside of e-commerce takes careful contract analysis and planning. E-commerce, in general, and strategic online partnerships in particular, are continuing to emerge and evolve in ways that are increasingly attractive to draws and their members. But at the same time that crossties are realizing the benefits of such relationships, certain bran-new legal developments require careful analysis to attend that the association avoids potential legal and financial fortune associated with its online activity.Unfortunately, the le gal environment does not yet have much legal precedent on which lawyers and their clients may rely. At the same time, new legal developments are emerging. These realities pose tough challenges with regard to minimizing the associations legal risks while maximizing its economic rewards. Consequently, forging the effective low-risk partnerships desired response be nearly impossible to do solely. Rather, the associations legal counsel allow for need to pay particular attention to the details of the online partnerships the boldness may consideras nearly as the contracts that define them.New Legal DevelopmentsThree of many developments complicating e-commerce legal analysis are the case of United Cancer Council the Intermediate Sanctions flock of the indispensable tax income Code and the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act, which is currently macrocosm introduced in all state legislatures for enactment.United Cancer CouncilUCC is a bear of the American Cancer Society. The IRS retroactively revoked UCCs federal income tax exemption for its long-term contract in a joint venture with a for-profit company. In short, UCC lost in the U.S. Tax Court, won a reversal and new trial on appeal, and recently settled with the IRS before the second tax court trial. base on my experience as one of the UCC lawyers at the tax court trial and on my observations of the interactions of IRS lawyers at that time, it is firmly believed the IRS allow now apply its UCC positions to e-commerce ventures of nonprofit organizations.The IRS positions that emerged from this case should raise a red flag for associations when it comes to the planning and development of their own online joint ventures. In essence, associations must scrutinize suckions in which There is also much contractual control of the venture by the for-profit Funds belonging to the nonprofit flow to the benefit of the for-profit company Too small a portion of joint venture proceeds are obtained by the nonprofit Too large a portion of the joint venture proceeds are obtained by the for-profit The contract term is too long (e.g., five years) and/or Insufficient competition exists in the selection of the for-profit company.Intermediate sanctionsIntermediate sanctions, part of the Internal Revenue Code, tax individuals, not organizations. While mediate sanctions most often tax employees and volunteers associated with a 501(c)(3) or 501(c)(4) organizationor with an affiliate or foundation that has such status even if the organization does notother individuals also may be taxed . Typically, this might include distantrs who have substantial influence over waste benefit and revenue-sharing transactions.For example, suppose an associations chief decision maker officer or one of its department directors negotiates a contract with a for-profit company for a joint venture through which the company earns $1 million. If the IRS determines that the outside company had substantial influence over the actions of the association in this venture, such that under normal circumstances the companys earnings would have been only $800,000, then the excess benefit to the outside companyin this case $200,000is the amount to which the tax applies.The good news is that in this scenario the association is not taxed. The bad news is that the association CEO or department director may well be. While the outside company may be taxed at 25 percent of the excess benefit, for instance, the association mental faculty members involved in negotiating the contract may be taxed at 10 percent of the excess benefit. Additionally, the tax applies for every year during which the challenged transaction remains uncorrected. In this particular scenario, that could mean that after four years the outside company may be taxed at 100 percent and the association lag members involved may be taxed at 40 percent.How, then, can association staff and volunteers be certain that the organization develops and n egotiates joint-venture agreements in ways that wont expose them to intermediate sanctions? Heeding the bulleted points listed within the UCC section earlier in this article is a good start. In addition, individuals may get the benefit of a presumption of reasonableness if open-hearted directors approve the transaction, and use comparability data, and document their work.Uniform Computer Information Transactions ActUCITA is the scratch line federal law covering transactions involving computer information, and most often this will include e-commerce transactions. Virginia and Maryland have already passed UCITA, and many other states will do so by the end of 2001. Since UCITA is wide regarded as a vendor-oriented statute, participants in transactions covered by the actsuch as an association contracting for a new Web site or other online ventureswill face a greater need for up-front legal planning.At least part of this initial planning must include determining what changes to make to en certain effective warranty and liability provisions for the association, since guidelines provided by older laws will no longer apply. Careful analysis during early planning of the online venture will be all the more important because UCITA has its own list of mandatory, non-negotiable provisions.Related rulingsIn addition to UCC, intermediate sanctions, and UCITA, recent court cases have addressed tax of royalty income from activities such as traditional affinity programs that have migrated online and electronic publishing and database ventures. The good news is that the courts have sided with associations claiming tax-free royalties. The bad news is that achieving that result without careful legal planning and drafting remains as tough as ever.Likewise, the IRS recently reissued its regulations addressing the unrelated business income tax (UBIT) exception for sponsorship income. Commercial companies are increasingly interested in sponsoring the associations activities, includ ing those taking place on the Internet. The regulations limit the situations in which income from sponsorships can be tax-free.And finally, the IRS issued a revenue ruling on infirmary joint ventures that also applies to other exempt-organization joint ventures. That ruling emphasizes contractual control provisions in the joint venture. In essence, too much control by the moneymaking(prenominal) joint venture partner can endanger the tax-exempt status. The ruling suggests a three-part safe harbor test for associations to protect their exempt status. First, the predominant purpose of the joint venture should be one of the tax-exempt purposes of the association. Second, backstage or for-profit benefit must be merely incidental. And third, the association must have effective control of the venture.Online Income ModelsOne easy way to classify strategic online partnerships is by the nature of the income the association will receive and what can be through to make that income tax-free. It is critical at the outset of evaluating an e-commerce proposal to realize that achieving tax-free income by accident is extremely unlikely. More and more during recent decades the IRS has administered UBIT as a tax that applies to almost all association income unless it is intentionally structured that income to fit within UBIT exclusion. Contrary to traditional thinking, the income is not automatically tax-free simply because the organization is tax-exempt. Here is an overview of the primary online revenue-sharing models.RoyaltiesOnline partners may have the permission to use the associations name and logo on its site in tack for a royalty. Partners may be licensed to use information gathered on the e-commerce site for its own commercial purposes, in exchange for a royalty.CommissionsThe organization may provide services and get paid a commission. That is generally considered taxable income. In many cases, the same activity would be better structured, legally and tax-wise, as a royalty. From a legal perspective, a royalty arrangement is preferable because the association would be considered as a passive licensor rather than an active participant in the business, thereby avoiding liability for legal claims against that business.A royalty arrangement would also be better tax-wise because the royalty would be tax-free. However, as is evident by their associations contracts, many association executives do not fully understand that a commission cannot be made into a royalty by simply calling it that. First and foremost, the facts of the arrangement have to change.SponsorshipsA company may be authorized to sponsor a Web page, a Web-based educational program, or almost anything else in exchange for a sponsorship payment. If the sponsor does not receive a substantial return benefit, the payment can be tax-free. It must be realize, however, that large sponsorship payments often come with strings attached, so sponsorship regulations require careful analysis. For e xample, the IRS deals somewhat harshly with exclusive sponsorships in which the sponsors competitors are prohibited from providing their goods or services to the members.Charitable ContributionsVarious agreements are being promoted by commercial companies to get charities involved in their online commercial ventures in exchange for making payments to the charities. These payments are sometimes characterized as charitable contributions. If somebody pays money to a commercial company with the understanding and intent that a portion of it will go to a charity as a hand, that gift may be properly characterized by the charity as a contribution to the charity, and therefore be considered tax-free income. However, this isnt always the case. If the charity provides services to the commercial company, for example, the IRS may classify the income as a fee for services. Each charitable partnership proposal requires individual analysis.Business-to-business Internet marketplacesMany association s are considering the online business-to-business model, initiated either on their own or with an outside partner. A vertical B-to-B marketplace automates procurement by bringing buyers and sellers together for transactions, and sometimes providing and/or gathering industry-specific information. A plane marketplace provides goods and services generic to many businesses, such as office supplies or business insurance. Internet marketplace relationships in particular give splay to several key issues. Taxation. Associations that run these Internet activities on their own can obtain several types of income, including fees for each consummated transaction. Absent a compelling list that the service provided primarily benefits the public, such fees are likely to be taxable income. Associations that license their name and logo to a commercial marketplace operator, however, can collect tax-free royalties. Control. The do-it-yourself model permits more control than the licensing model. Howe ver, licensing agreements may provide quality control standards for the partner actually providing the product or service. Antitrust concerns. every type of Internet marketplace raises substantial antitrust concerns (collusion and anticompetitive results) at the Justice Department and the Federal job Commission. These concerns are best handled while setting up the marketplace, by the way the marketplace is structured, and through specific provisions in underlying legal documents.Migrating To The InternetSome associations are migrating traditional activities to the Web. For example, publications are being motilityd online, as are affinity programs. What happens to the legal and tax issues surrounding these activities within an online context? The answer may be not much, or a lot. Not much happens if it is considered that a royalty is not changed to taxable income, or vice versa, by converting the member insurance affinity program to a Web-based selling and application process. But a lot can happen if it is considered that new issues may arise that were less important, or even non-existent, prior to the migration.For example, silence issues abound on the Internet. Will the members be more reluctant to supply insurance applications or claims data electronically? They well could be if they understand the evolution of privacy and security on the Internet. When asked about his companys Internet privacy policy, Scott McNealy, chairman and chief executive officer of Sun Microsystems, said the policy could be stated in eight simple words There is no Internet privacy. Get over it.Migrating an affinity program to the Web also raises a variety of legal and tax linking questions that will not be resolved anytime soon. For instance, is the link from an association site to an insurance providers site intellectual property that can be licensed for a royalty? Probably. Can a nonprofit, especially a Section 501(c)(3)or 501(c)(4) organization, give away the linkmeaning perm it the link to be used without charge? Probably not, because this could raise exempt-status issues, and for those two types of organizations, intermediate sanctions issues (taxation of individuals) as well. In addition, especially for charities, state attorneys general might object to diversions of charitable assets.E-Commerce ContractsWhy do organizations signing up for e-commerce sites so often strike out in the contract department? pound one. Association leaders sign standard contracts that take away the organizations rights. And these contracts may reflect unintended legal relationshipsfor instance, the contract may describe the relationship as a partnership when it is actually intended to establish a licensor/licensee arrangement.Strike two. Association staff negotiates their own contract changes rather than using a lawyer to negotiate the legal documents.Strike three. The association does its own drafting rather than relying on legal analysis to figure out what laws apply, how to apply them to the contract, and how to integrate all parts of the contract. Out. When problems arise later, do not expect the contract for assistance.In e-commerce, as in baseball, three strikes typically mean that the player is out of the game. Failure to consider the complexities of old and new laws as they affect commercial activities on the Internet will reduce the income potential and increase the tax liability and other legal risk. Using legal counsel to help match the e-commerce activities with new legal developmentsand to design and negotiate the customized contracts imperative in the new economywill result in more income with less risk.Reducing e-Commerce RiskBecause online ventures are for the most part still a new addition to the family of association strategic partnerships, the potential for legal and financial risk is very real. But associations can reduce their risk by keeping four things in mind1. A new person in the market is less likely to do something right the first time through. When the potential to make mistakes is recognized, one may slow down enough to ask more questions and seek more help, rather than trying to move ahead at Internet speed.2. If the association is breaking new ground in the world of online ventures, recognize that the legal outcomes are less certain and potential dispute costs will be much higher, since no real legal precedence will be available on which to hang the hat.3. In an online world, the number of potential plaintiffs who may want to sue is infinitely larger than in the pre-online world.4. While Internet insurance policies are currently in the works, many traditional policies dont explicitly state that they cover the associations e-commerce endeavors. This itself should encourage associations to proceed cautiously in their online ventures.Of course, careful analysis and development of any new venture early on will help reduce both legal and financial risk. To ensure that the associations strategic planning includes strategic thinking about the online initiatives, be sure to answer certain key questions as an early part of a comprehensive e-commerce action plan What new e-commerce activities are in the works passim the association? What current e-commerce activities need legal review? What tax analysis has been done with regard to these activities, and what tax alternatives need more analysis? What budget steps must be taken before outside help is retained? Who should be on e-commerce planning team (e.g., senior information technology staff or consultant, insurance agent, lawyer, or certified public accountant)?ConclusionIn view of the great importance of e-commerce, it is absolutely necessary to have adequate legislation. such legislation must be adopted worldwide because the ease systems such as the Internet offer to the international trading of products or services, forces such transactions to be made in accordance with the trade law of each of the countries involved. The adequa te legislation in each of the countries that perform electronic transactions will help the growth of e-business transactions.In view of the fact that e-commerce is in a very early stage of development in many countries, there is no specific legislation in this respect. As electronic commerce is not mentioned in any Law or Regulation, electronic transactions are not considered as valid for any enforcement purpose at this time. Meanwhile, in many countries, in the absence of any specific legislation, parties may rely on private agreements to govern their e-commerce transactions. However, the agreements will not be enforceable unless they are in written form and signed by both parties.BibliographyBarlow, J.P. WIRED 2.03 The Economy of Ideas. accessible HTTP http//www.ifla.org/documents/infopol/copyright/jpbarlow.htm accessed on April 5, 2007.Digimarc. Digimarc. Available HTTP http//www.digimarc.com accessed on April 5, 2007.Edwards, L. Wealde, C. Law and the Internet Regulating Cyber space, second edition. Oxford Hart, accessed on April 5, 2007.Free-Market.Net Spotlight on Intellectual Property. Available HTTP http//www.free-market.net/spotlight/iproperty 03. declination 2001, accessed on April 5, 2007.Gallfent, R. 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