Rhetorical Questions for English Learners

Rhetorical Questions for English Learners Rhetorical questions can be defined as questions that are not really meant to be answered. Rather, rhetorical questions are asked in order to make a point about a situation or to point out something for consideration. This is a very different usage than yes/no questions or information questions. Lets quickly review these two basic types before moving on to rhetorical questions. Yes/No questions are used to quickly get an answer to a simple question.  They are usually answered with the short response using only the auxiliary verb. For example: Would you like to come with us tonight?Yes, I would. Did you understand the question?No, I didnt. Are they watching TV at the moment?Yes, they are. Information questions are asked using the following question words: WhereWhatWhen / What timeWhichWhyHow many / much / often / far / etc. Information questions are answered in full sentences. For example: Where do you live?I live in Portland, Oregon. What time does the movie start?The movie starts at 7:30. How far is it to the next gas station?The next gas station is in 20 miles. Rhetorical Questions for the Big Questions in Life Rhetorical questions pose a question that is intended to make people think. For example, a conversation might begin with: What do you want to do in life? Thats a question we all need to answer, but its not easy... How much time does it take to become successful? Thats an easy question. It takes a lot of time! Lets take a look at what success requires so that we can get a better understanding.   Where do you want to be in 15 years? Thats a question that everyone should take seriously no matter how old they are. Rhetorical Questions to Draw Attention Rhetorical questions are also used to point to something important and often have an implied meaning. In other words, the person who poses the question is not looking for an answer ​but wants to make a statement. Here are some examples: Do you know what time it is? - MEANING: Its late.Who is my favorite person in the world? - MEANING: You are my favorite person.Wheres my homework? - MEANING: I expected you to turn in the homework today.What does it matter? - MEANING: It doesnt matter. Rhetorical Questions to Point Out a Bad Situation Rhetorical questions are also often used to complain about a bad situation. Once again, the actual meaning of the quite different than the rhetorical question. Here are some examples: What can she do about that teacher? - MEANING: She cant do anything. Unfortunately, the teacher isnt very helpful.Where am I going to find help this late in the day? - MEANING: Im not going to find help this late in the day.Do you think Im rich? - MEANING: Im not rich, dont ask me for money. Rhetorical Questions to Express a Bad Mood Rhetorical questions are often used to express a bad mood, even depression. For example: Why should I try to get that job? - MEANING: Ill never get that job!Whats the point in trying? - MEANING: Im depressed and I dont want to make an effort.Where did I go wrong? - MEANING: I dont understand why Im having so many difficulties lately. Negative Yes/No Rhetorical Questions to Point to a Positive Negative rhetorical questions are used to suggest that a situation is actually positive. Here are some examples: Havent you had enough awards this year? - MEANING: Youve won a lot of awards. Congratulations!Didnt I help you on your last exam?  - MEANING: I helped you on your last exam.Wont he be excited to see you? - MEANING: He will be very excited to see you. Hopefully this short guide to rhetorical questions has answered any questions you may have on how and why we use them. There are other types such as question tags to confirm information and indirect questions to be more polite.

How to Cut Down on Your Cars Greenhouse Gases

How to Cut Down on Your Cars Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse gases, responsible for global climate change, are emitted in large part from the combustion of fossil fuels like oil, coal, and natural gas. Most of the emissions from fossil fuels come from power plants, but second ranked is transportation. In addition to carbon dioxide, motor vehicles release particulate pollution, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds. Maybe you have already adjusted many aspects of your lifestyle to reduce your carbon footprint, including installing LED lights, turning down the thermostat, and eating less meat. However, in your driveway sits glaring evidence of one source of greenhouse gas that you could not get rid of: your car. For many of us, especially in rural areas, bicycling or walking to school and to work may not be an option, and public transportation may simply not be available. Do not fret; there are still actions you can take to lower the pollution and greenhouse gas emissions you produce when driving. Fuel Economy vs. Emissions We generally assume a vehicle with better fuel economy will also release fewer harmful emissions, including greenhouse gases. The correlation generally holds true, with a few caveats. Decades-old vehicles were built under much more relaxed emissions regulations and can be prodigious pollution producers despite a relatively modest thirst for fuel. Similarly, you may be getting 80 miles per gallon on that old two-stroke scooter, but that smoke will contain much more harmful pollutants, much of it from partially burned gasoline. And then there are the cars with emission control systems releasing illegal amounts of pollution, like those finger-pointed during the infamous Volkswagen small diesel engine scandal. The obvious place to start to reduce emissions, of course, is by choosing a modern vehicle with the best possible fuel economy. Models can be compared using a handy web tool put together by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Be realistic about your needs: how many times a year will you really need a pick-up truck, sport-utility vehicle, or minivan? Performance is another fuel economy killer, but if you really want a sportier car, favor a four-cylinder model with a turbocharger instead of a larger six or eight (or twelve!) cylinder car. The turbo kicks in on demand, with the more frugal four cylinders doing the work the rest of the time. Manual vs. Automatic Not so long ago manual transmissions provided better fuel economy than automatic transmissions. It was a good excuse for those who love to row their own gears but modern automatic transmissions, which now have 5, 6, and even more gears, provide better mileage. Continuous Variable Transmissions (CVT) are even better at maintaining the engine’s revolutions at the right speed, beating even the most skilled stick-shift enthusiasts. Older Car, Newer Car Older cars were designed and constructed in the context of emission regulations that were much less restrictive than they are today. Much improvement has been made in the 1960s, with the development of the catalytic converter and fuel injection, but it wasn’t until the soaring gas prices in the 1970s that real fuel efficiency gains were made. Amendments to the Clean Air Act gradually improved car emissions starting in 1990, with important gains made in 2004 and 2010. Generally, a more recent car will have better technology to reduce emissions including electronic direct fuel injection, smarter electronic control units, lower drag coefficient, and improved transmissions. Maintenance You probably heard this one before: simply keeping your tires inflated to the proper level will save you in fuel costs. Under-inflated tires will cost you as much as 3% in fuel costs, according to the DOE. Maintaining proper pressure will also improve your stopping distance, reduce risks of skidding, rollovers, and blowouts. Check for the appropriate pressure on a sticker located in the jam of the driver-side door; do not refer to the pressure value printed on the tire sidewall. Replace your engine air filter at the interval specified in your owner’s manual, or more frequently if you drive in especially dusty conditions. The dirtier your air filter is, the more fuel you will use. Do not ignore lit check engine lights, even when you feel like the car is operating normally. Often the emissions control system is a fault, which means you are polluting more than usual. Bring the car to your mechanic for a proper diagnostic, it may save you from more expensive damage later on. Car Modifications After-market performance modifications abound in some types of cars – louder exhaust pipes, modified air intakes, reprogrammed fuel injection. All those features increase your engine’s fuel needs, so get rid of them or better yet don’t install them in the first place. Larger tires and suspension lifts need to go too. Roof racks and cargo boxes should be put away when not in use, as they severely affect fuel economy, especially on smaller cars. Empty your car trunk too, as it takes extra fuel to carry around that golf bag you never have time to get out, or those crates of books you’ve been meaning to drop off at the thrift store. What’s Your Driving Style? Driving behavior is another place where you can make a big difference in your emissions and fuel use without spending any money. Slow down: according to AAA, going 60 mph instead of 70 mph on a 20-mile commute will save you 1.3 gallons on average over the work week. Accelerate and stop gently, and coast while you can. Keep your windows up to reduce drag; even running the air conditioning requires less energy. Letting your car idle in the morning is unnecessary, uses fuel, and produces useless emissions. Instead, gently warm up your engine by accelerating smoothly and keeping a lower speed until your car reaches its operating temperature.

Kmart Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Kmart - Research Paper Example The two corporations had specific strategies and functions as they moved into independent concepts. However, after merging, different ideologies and propositions became the main function of the corporations. K-mart began as a company in the United States in 1899 as one of the first retail and merchandising super centers, owned by Sebastian Kresge. The store was opened in Detroit and was then known as a five and dime super store, which meant that everything sold in the shop was available at a lower price of five or 10 cents. By 1912, the concept of Kresge led to more than 85 stores opened in Detroit and led to sales of over $10 million annually. By the time the Great Depression came, Kresge could sustain his business because of the stores that expanded beyond the financial failures, specifically by offering more jobs and convenient prices. The main philosophy is to provide quality products with affordable prices. The newer store fronts opened in 1920, which included opening stores that sold everything for less than $1 as well as green front stores, which provided other types of low cost items (Kmart, 2010). The main strategy of offering low prices for different items continued to emerge through the 1930s as other competitors began to move into the store front, specifically with retail items. Kmart had been in existence for a longer time which gave it an advantage of excelling as the top promotional retailer. In 1960, the change came from the new CEO, Henry Cunningham, who opened the first official Kmart in Garden City. The expansion led to 17 new stores as well as $483 million in annual profit. The main focus was to provide lower retail prices as well as to emerge into a super store, which provided almost every type of product in one store for convenience. By the mid–1960s, Kmart had over 753 stores and made $1 billion in annual profit. The main accomplishment was the launch of the first set of super stores that led to over 17 million

Adult education and postmoderism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adult education and postmoderism - Essay Example Knowledge is often constructed by men, and so women may have difficulty accessing it. Most knowledge is facts, figures, and well-thought-out theories (produced by men), which leaves learners, both male and female, out of the picture. Personal experiences become secondary to memorizing a set way of doing things and demonstrating how well the learner memorized it through tests and quizzes. When learning is disconnected from learners, it’s difficult to apply to everyday life or understand where the learner fits into the process. When learning is constructed by a male-dominated culture, that removes it even one more step from women learners. Women may feel they have nothing to add to the knowledge base or the learning experience. If the knowledge base is constructed by a male-dominated structure, it affects the learners and instructors, even if those are all women. Creating connections between each individual and the learning, and each individual and every other individual in the learning environment, promotes understanding of the lessons and allows learners to both make it personal and to add to it as they see fit. Seeing each person in the classroom as unique and valuable enhances how much is learned, and changes the dynamic process. Another thing feminist theories are trying to overcome is the idea that women must construct identities to deal with life situations, rather than simply being themselves. When women learners have to construct a false identity in order to participate in learning environments, much of the impact of the knowledge can be lost for them. If we have to concentrate on supporting other group members during a group project, for instance, our own thoughts and feelings on the subject matter become secondary to cheering each other on. The teacher can also experience tension in the learning environment when there are conscious or subconscious authority issues. If a teacher sets

Italian Unification between 1815-1848 Essay Example for Free

Italian Unification between 1815-1848 Essay To what extent is it true to say that there was absolutely no movement or prospect of Italian Unification between 1815-1848? Between the years 1818 and 1848 there were many revolutions in Italy starting in the year 1821. The statement above states ‘absolutely no movement or prospect,’ therefore I strongly disagree with this due to the fact that there must have been some movement to achieve what Italy were finally able to. The following essay will give different points on the statement. In my opinion, I do not agree with the statement, one main reason being there were enough people in Italy that wanted it to be unified and that fought for what they believed in. For example the secret societies. During the times Italy was under the ruling of Metternich, many secret societies were formed, with passwords, mutual protection and sometimes even semi-religious rituals. The Carbonari, the most well known society and so consequently the most important. There were approximately 60,000 members involved, and it was particularly active in South Italy, especially in Naples. There aims were relatively mild, in Piedmont and Naples for example they hoped to establish a constitutional monarchy. It is already possible to see that there was some movement in Italy from secret societies that were hoping for Italian Unification. Another reason I disagree with the statement is due to Italy being under the ruling of Metternich. Although it was difficult living under the Austrians, and they were clearly putting an obstacle in the way of unification, I believe that it was actually a large contribution to the happening of unification. For example, due to Metternich trying to belittle the country by separating it into small constituencies, it made the Italian public want to fight back, and therefore as a consequence start revolutions. Three major revolutions occurred in Italy in the years, 1820-21, 1831-32, 1848-49. I believe this proves that things were being done to help unification rather than there being ‘absolutely no movement’. Additionally there is Giuseppe Mazzini, who is said to be a key figure in the history of Italian Unification. Mazzini was born in 1805, he had one overriding aim being ‘the brotherhood of people’. He believed in the equality of human beings and of races. In 1831, Mazzini founded ‘Young Italy’, this being Italy’s first real political party. Mazzini described the party as, ‘a brotherhood of Italians who believe in a law offreemen and equals.’ Those in the party had to swear to commit themselves to make Italy ‘one free, independent, republican nation.’ Mazzini’s ideas were incredibly radical for that period of time, for example, his ideal was that the people should rise up agains their oppressors, there should be unification ‘from below.’ Eventually there was unification however it came more from above. Yet Mazzini proves once again that there was movement and prospect towards Italian unification, Young Italy being another example. Although Mazzini may not have been successful at that precise moment, we can now see that unification was actually reached. Linking to my previous point, it has been proven that Mazzini was not only famous for his radical beliefs but also for converting people to the cause. This point firstly proves that some movement was being made in the form of attracting people to the challenge that was Italian unification, but furthermore, proves further movement in the fact that there must have been an incredible number of supporters that were in favour of unification, and therefore plans must have been made to try and succeed. Finally, by seeing that Italian Unification was attained eventually, we can ultimately say that there must have been enough movement and enough prospect for the aim to be successful. For these reasons, i disagree with the statement ‘To what extent is it true to say that there was absolutely no movement or prospect of Italian Unification between 1815-1848?’ On the other hand, there are many events from this period of time that may agree with the statement previously specified. For example, after the French revolution, Metternich reinstated the previous monarchs of each constituency. Most of the monarchs were reactionary and therefore there was a large obstacle blocking the path to unification. Being such a large predicament, one can assume that there was ‘absolutely no movement.’ In addition, the lack of progress that went into uniting the country through language may have been seen as lacking and therefore lead ones opinions to believe once again no progress was being made. Furthermore, even with the countless revolutions that were attempted not one succeeded permanently. So, although this particular example goes against there being absolutely no movement, due to the fact there was clearly movement in the form of revolutions, it does agree however with there being no prospect of unification, seeing as every individual revolution from each specific country failed inevitably. This was in consequence of the Austrians suppressing the revolutions and then re inviting the previous leaders to come and transform the constituence to the way it had previously been. Following this, it is now possible to appreciate the separation between the North and South of Italy. The Northern half containing the wealthier half of the population, whilst the Southern half being populated with the poorer families. Due to this large partition, it is hard to see any prospect in Italian Unification and therefore one can easily agree with the statement above. In relation to the previous point is the division of the Apennine Mountains. In those times, the Apennine Mountains were practically the back bone of Italy, until it was partitioned into North-East and South-West by Metternich. It is understood that without a back bone, a body would be unable to stand, hence the fact that without the Apennine Mountains it would be incredibly challenging for the population of Italy to achieve the prospect of unification. Overall, one can see that there are many justifications for both sides of this argument. Although from this essay it seems the statement is in fact true, I strongly disagree. Understanding that there may be proof to support the statement, at the end of the day Italian Unification was achieved, and therefore it is impossible to say that there was ‘absolutely no movement’ because the aim was fulfilled and therefore some movement must have taken place. In conclusion, I disagree with the statement ‘to what extent is it true to say that there was absolutely no movement or prospect of Italian Unification between 1815-1848’ because this declaration clearly states that there was ‘absolutely no movement’ towards Italian Unification between those years, yet unification was completed, thus whether there was a lot of movement, or in some case a little, there was undoubtedly more than none, and for this reason I forcefully disagree with the statement.

Where The Red Fern Grows :: essays research papers

Billy was walking home one day when there was a dog fight in the ally and he went to investigate to see what was going on and there was a bunch of dog’s beating up on one dog so he decided to get involved and break it up. They all scattered away when they saw him coming. The dog that was getting beat up on was lying on the ground in what looked like a lot of pain. He rushed over and noticed he was a beautiful hound dog. He also noticed that he wasn’t hurt that bad, just scared. This hound dog reminded him of his hounds that he had had when he was just a boy. Billy was very happy the dog had come through town, because he had stirred up a lot good memories for Billy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Billy was a boy he had a major addiction to wanting a pair of hound dogs. However, as much as he wanted a pair of hounds he did not receive them. Every now and then he would hear the neighboring dogs calling treed to their masters, and their masters whooping back to them to tell the hound that they were on the way. This encouraged Billy to wanting a hound more. His dad told him one day that his grandpa wanted to see him as soon as possible. Once he got to his grandfather, his grandfather told him that he had seen an ad in the newspaper for some hound dog pups. That’s when Billy finally had decided to do something about this â€Å"not having a pair of hound dogs† problem. So he went and got an old tin can and started putting money in it that he made from working in the fields. Over the next year he had saved up enough money to buy his hound dog pups. He hiked over the mountains to the nearest town post office because that’s where his dogs where going to be until he picked them up. He got to the post office and put them in a potato sack bag and headed for home. His grandpa had given him a coon trap so he could train his dogs. He named his dogs Old Dan and Little Anne. They made a great set. By the time hunting season had come he had his dogs trained and ready to go. The first night they treed their first ringtail coon.

“Saudi Arabia still projecting the real picture of Islam

The geo-political consequences after the 9-11 mishap entirely twisted the image of the Muslim countries all over the world. Many countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan, Egypt, Syria and Iran had to face the menace of the â€Å"War Against Terrorism† and even had to combat with their domestic security issues which set tough challenges for them to struggle to maintain their peaceful image on an international perspective. Saudi Arabia is one Islamic country which somehow managed to sustain its dignified and peaceful image on the map of the contemporary international political scenario and this was possible because of their positive and influential foreign policies, their economic stability and their potent financial role across the globe. Another factor that added to their credit was their domestic prevalence and sustenance of law and order that enabled the pace of their progress to remain uniform and also provided external favors to flourish within the country. Most of the Muslim countries have not been able to earn significance in the pace of economic progress and development of the world throughout the last century; despite being the oil producing and exporting countries like Syria could not be listed amongst the developed ones. But Saudi Arabia since its establishment of modern Kingdom back in 1932 has not only been uniform in its form of Government but also maintained a uniform pace of progress and development in all the walks of life. Its chief source of income has no doubt been the export of oil and products of petroleum as it has been one of the leading oil producing countries of the world but the Government of Saudi Arabia has always invested at a mass level to improve and upgrade the overall socio-economic representation of the country. Saudi Arabia is the center of the Islam as the entire Muslim ummah (community) ahead towards this region during the holy month of Zil Haj to perform the annual pilgrimage (HAJ) to the holy city of Kaaba, in Makkah and also to pay homage to the Prophet’s grave in Madinah. This annual tourism also brings in a lot of foreign exchange and revenue to the Saudi treasure. Apart from the earnings the organizing of this great event every year also proves the persistent efficiency of the Saudi administration and also their expertise in catering people from different regions of the world with heterogeneous backgrounds in the most homogenous environment. They have certainly proved to be very ardent custodians of the Islamic heritage of the Two Holy Places. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has always kept the superb maintenance of these two Holy places in the top most priority. The Ministry of Pilgrimage, in union with other government agencies, manages the annual logistical challenge for the organization of Hajj and endorses such projects in the Kingdom and abroad that promote Islam's role in the community. The annual conducting of Hajj reflects the dedication of the leadership and citizens of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the service of Islam and this also totally negates and defies the general impression of the Muslim community as terrorists or fanatics. Apart from the religious service Saudi Arabia has also been a great donor for many Muslim countries for several humanitarian causes and also as war aid. Since 2002, Saudi Arabia has provided more than $480 million in budgetary support to the Palestinian Authority and supported Palestinian refugees through contributions to the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). More than $250 million was also provided to Arab League funds for the Palestinians, and pledged $500 million in assistance over the next three years at the Donors Conference in Dec 2007; pledged $230 million to development in Afghanistan; pledged $1 billion in export guarantees and soft loans to Iraq; pledged $133 million in direct grant aid, $187 million in concessional loans, and $153 million in export credits for Pakistan earthquake relief; pledged a total of $1. 9 billion to Lebanon in assistance and deposits to the Central Bank of Lebanon in 2006 and pledged an additional $1. 1 billion in early 2007. Many things may have been said in the most crucial diction about Saudi Arabia by the west especially after the 911 attacks. Some writers like Dore Gold in his book â€Å"Hatred's Kingdom: How Saudi Arabia Supports the New Global Terrorism† have stated the Saudi government to be directly involved in the plotting of the attacks and even nurturing the Al-Qaeda’s master mi nds like Osama Bin Laden. Such claims could easily be made and concocted as all the odds were tilted towards the Muslim community at the heat of the moment of the 911. But the fact is that Saudi Arabia has always been an ally for the war for peace and has supported US during the Gulf War in 1990. Secondly Saudi Arabia and US have been partners in the petroleum exports and distribution since 1970s when ARAMCO was established. Saudi Arabia is also considered to be one of the fastest developing countries of the modern era. This is because of Saudi Arabia’s free market economy which has shown remarkable progressive shifts in the recent past. It has been observed that Saudi Arabia has managed to develop its agricultural society into an advanced economy that is globally connected through modern technology and infrastructure. This depicts the progressive minded approach of the Saudi government which has always focused on the development of the country by meeting the contemporary pace of development especially in the modern means and modes communication. This leap towards progress began during the time of King Faysal who invested at a large scale for the improvement of the infrastructure and the communication system. His motto was the modernization of Saudi Arabia. This era is even known to be the renaissance of the Saudi intellect of progress and development. And since then Saudi Arabia has made an effort to become the member of WTO in December 2005. Although there may be numerous reasons why countries like Saudi Arabia become a victim of criticism under the tag of stereotypical for its people, ideas, customs and even religious beliefs but the fact and the figures regarding Saudi Arabia’s peaceful role in the present scenario political turmoil proves that associating such rigid views with such a progressive and rapidly developing country like Saudi Arabia would itself be a biased and un-scrutinized bent of thought that requires maturity of insight to comprehend.

Sample Media Interview Q&a

Sample Media Interview Q&A Internal Question & Answer (Q&A) documents are often developed to prepare media spokespersons for interviews and include tougher questions than FAQs. Internal Q&As also include areas of vulnerability (e. g. who is to blame and could the medical response have been quicker? ) Use the sample Q&As below as a guide to create your own during a crisis event. Q: What happened? (Examples: How many people were injured or killed? How much property damage occurred? ) A: At approximately XX:XX, an incident was reported at (location).The details at this point are unknown, however we are working very closely with local emergency response agencies to ensure that the safety of the surrounding community remains the number one priority. Q: Was this a terrorist incident? A: An investigation is taking place and we will update you with details from that investigation as we receive them. Right now, however, our greatest concern is for the welfare of the victims and their families . Q: When did it happen? A: Early reports indicate that the incident happened at approximately XX:XX. Q: Who is to blame? A: The details at this point are unknown.An investigation is taking place and we will update you with details from that investigation as we receive them. Right now, our main focus is on rescue efforts and on the well-being of the victims and their families. Q: Has this ever happened before? A: I will be happy to research that and get back to you, right now we are focused on the incident at hand, and on making sure that members of the surrounding community are safe. Q: Who was involved? A: In order to protect the privacy of those involved, we are withholding the release of victims’ names pending notification of family members. Q: Why did it happen?What was the cause? A: Those details will be investigated. Right now our primary concern is for the welfare of the victims and their families. Q: Will there be inconvenience to the public? A: That information will become available once the damage is assessed by local emergency response agencies. If we gather future information, we will be sure to pass it along. Q: When will we find out more? A: Our company, along with our local emergency response agencies, will be providing updates throughout the day. We encourage you to check our website at www. xxxxxx. com for up-to-the-minute information.

Airplane Warfare During World War I Essays - Aerial Warfare

Airplane Warfare During World War I Essays - Aerial Warfare Airplane Warfare During World War I During World War One, the role of airplanes and how they were used changed greatly. At first planes were only used for sport, but people started realize that not only could airplanes be useful but they could even influence an outcome of the war greatly. Soon the war was filled with blimps, planes, and tethered balloons. By the end of the war, planes became a symbol of fear, but they were not always treated with such respect. In the time leading up to the war, the general feeling about planes was, they were a sneaky, unfair tactic that should not be used in warfare. During The 1899 Hague Peace Conference it was put on record that the dropping or shooting of any projectiles or explosives from the air during a time of war was forbidden and was considered a crime of war. It was also decided that airplanes could only be used for reconnaissance or spying missions. (Villard-227) ?The airplane may be all very well for sport, but for the army it is useless? (Quoted in Villard-227) Even by the beginning of the war in 1912, the use of planes in war was still prohibited by the War Office. Shortly thereafter this changed, people awakened to the possibilities of air warfare. The world soon started to realize the effectiveness of planes in war and how the control of the skies could influence the outcome. Although the French were the first to have a working, conscripting air force and to license fliers, their trust in airplanes still was not up to par. Their lack of trust was justified, for the planes had no armaments, too many wires, and no reliable motor. (Villard-228) Soon all countries in the war effort had their own little air force, built hangers, and started to train pilots. The first bombing occurred in November 1911. Although the first bomb was dropped by the Italians, soon all countries were involved in bombing raids. (Villard-229) It was followed by the first aerial dogfight in 1912. This consisted of a primitive exchange of pistol fire between British and German planes . (Harvey-95) The first flying experience for the United States occurred in 1862, during the Civil War. General McClellan went into battle against the South with a balloon corps floated by hydrogen and pulled by four horses. (Saga-51) Literary fiction started to breed ideas about the use of planes in warfare. The most famous writer to explore the idea was H.G. Wells. He wrote The War In The Air, a book about the future in which battle is conducted with planes. (Wohl-70). In Germany, literary fiction preceded the actual development of warfare in the air. Rudolph Martin was a writer who predicted that the German?s future was not on the sea, but in the air. He also believed that further development in aviation would kill the importance of diezce and help to lead toward the German unification of the world. (Wohl-81) Martin?s novel helped to prepare the Germans for their use of planes in the war. The fiction soon became scientific fact. (Wohl-71) The United States, ultimately was slower than France and Germany to develop an air force. On March 3, 1911, Congress appropriated $125,000 to start an air force, which consisted of five planes. The first squadron was organized by the Americans on March 5, 1913, in Texas City. It consisted of nine planes. Although the United States entered the war in 1917, it did not use planes in the war at that time. (Villard-231) U.S. pilots had little or no experience in ?cross-country navigation.? They did not have good maps and sometimes they became lost, ran out of fuel and would have to land behind enemy lines. (Villard-233) As the Americans advanced in the use of planes in warfare, so did the Germans. Initially, the Germans made no effort to hide their skepticism about the use of planes in warfare. In the beginning of the war, many Germans raised in newspaper articles and on government committees the possibilities of warfare in the air, but the country as a whole was not quick to initiate the effort. (Wohl-70) This quickly changed, however, because the development of airplanes during the war

Political Aspects of the Classical Age of Greece

Political Aspects of the Classical Age of Greece This is a brief introduction to the Classical Age in Greece, a period that followed the Archaic Age and lasted through the creation of a Greek empire, by Alexander the Great. The Classical Age was characterized by most of the cultural wonders that we associate with ancient Greece. It corresponds with the period of the height of democracy, the flowering of Greek tragedy, and the architectural marvels at Athens. The Classical Age of Greece begins either with with the fall of the Athenian tyrant Hippias, son of Peisistratos/Pisistratus, in 510 B.C., or the Persian Wars, which the Greeks fought against the Persians in Greece and Asia Minor from 490-479 B.C. When you think of the movie 300, youre thinking of one of the battles fought during the Persian Wars. Solon, Peisistratus, Cleisthenes, and the Rise of Democracy When the Greeks adopted democracy it wasnt an overnight affair or a question of throwing out monarchs. The process developed and changed over time. The Classical Age of Greece ends with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. Besides war and conquest, in the Classical period, the Greeks produced great literature, poetry, philosophy, drama, and art. This was the time when the genre of history was first established. It also produced the institution we know of as Athenian democracy. Alexander the Great Profile The Macedonians Philip and Alexander put an end to the power of the individual city-states at the same time they spread the culture of the Greeks all the way to the Indian Sea. Rise of Democracy One unique contribution of the Greeks, democracy lasted beyond the Classical period and had its roots in the earlier time, but it still characterized the Classical age. During the era before the Classical Age, in what is sometimes called the Archaic Age, Athens and Sparta had followed different paths. Sparta had two kings and an oligarchic government while Athens had instituted democracy. Etymology of Oligarchy oligos few arche rule Etymology of Democracy demos the people of a country krateo rule A Spartan woman had the right to own property, whereas, in Athens, she had few freedoms. In Sparta, men and women served the state; in Athens, they served the Oikos household/family. Etymology of Economy Economy oikos home nomos custom, usage, ordinance Men were trained in Sparta to be laconic warriors and in Athens to be public speakers. Persian Wars Despite an almost endless series of differences, the Hellenes from Sparta, Athens, and elsewhere fought together against the monarchical Persian Empire. In 479 they repelled the numerically mightier Persian force from the Greek mainland. Peloponnesian and Delian Alliances For the next few decades after the end of the Persian Wars, relations between the 2 major poleis city-states deteriorated. The Spartans, who had earlier been the unquestioned leaders of the Greeks, suspected Athens (a new naval power) of trying to take control of all of Greece. Most of the poleis on the Peloponnese allied with Sparta. Athens was at the head of the poleis in the Delian League. Its members were along the coast of the Aegean Sea and on islands in it. The Delian League initially had been formed against the Persian Empire, but finding it lucrative, Athens transformed it into its own empire. Pericles, the foremost statesman of Athens from 461-429, introduced payment for public offices so more of the population than just the rich could hold them. Pericles initiated the building of the Parthenon, which was supervised by the famed Athenian sculptor Pheidias. Drama and philosophy flourished. Peloponnesian War and Its Aftermath Tensions between the Peloponnesian and Delian alliances mounted. The Peloponnesian War broke out in 431 and lasted for 27 years. Pericles, along with many others, died of plague early in the war. Even after the end of the Peloponnesian War, which Athens lost, Thebes, Sparta, and Athens continued to take turns as the dominant Greek power. Instead of one of them becoming the clear leader, they dissipated their strength and fell prey to the empire-building Macedonian king Phillip II and his son Alexander the Great. Historians of the Archaic and Classical Period HerodotusPlutarchStraboPausaniasThucydidesDiodorus SiculusXenophonDemosthenesAeschinesNeposJustin Historians of the Period When Greece Was Dominated by the Macedonians DiodorusJustinThucydidesArrian fragments of Arrian found in PhotiusDemosthenesAeschinesPlutarch

Beowulf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Beowulf - Essay Example Still, the main idea is that the monsters in this story represent the disadvantages and wrongdoings of people and evil nature of human creatures. Such parallel may correspond even to present-day society, and with the help of profound analysis we may distinguish the particular evil that is inherent to a definite monster. First and foremost, Grendel should be admitted, as he is the first monstrous villain who stands on the way of Beowulf. The author even names him â€Å"black Grendel† (Beowulf, 1575-1576). This creature is remained to be of the demonic nature and regarded as a descendant of Cain. As it is known Cain has killed his brother according to the Bible and represented as insidious and treacherous person. Such characteristics may be observed in the image of Grendel, and betrayals together with execration are notable in the vision of this character. Moreover, the readers discovering the idea Cain’s successor subconsciously determine him as a negative character because of the connotations with Bible that lead them to such conclusion. The evil spirit and corrupt soul is reflected in the image of Grendel within this particular story. The second villain to whom the attention should be paid is Grendel’s mother. This monster is considered to be a personalization of revenge and anger. She has intended to kill Aeschere for the death of her son. Devilry and evil are remained the motives that operate her proceedings. This creature has been frightful and contemptible, the author calls her â€Å"monster-woman, remembered her misery† (Beowulf, 1258). We must admit that the image of anti woman and dark mind is presented in this character. Dragon is the monster that has to be noticed surely. This creature defends treasures and attained the features of invincible and aggressive monster. The furious rage with the unlimited power is the characteristics of dragon’s image through the story.

Management of change Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management of change - Coursework Example The success of this change, thus, can be measured ultimately by the difference in the work performed by the individual employees multiplied by the specific number of employees affected by the change. Without the individual perspective, the change management amounts to the activities performed without the goals or the outcomes being achieved (Reh 2015). The main overarching reason for imposing change management is to accelerate the rate at which individuals move successfully through the entire process of change so that the anticipated benefits are attained faster. Apart from this, there are other benefits coupled with change management. These include allowing users to feel supported and valued by the organization making an investment in them and improving the performances and outcomes of the organizations. Furthermore it generates a higher level of teamwork, involvement, openness and trust among the workforce as well as building a change capacity and capability within the organization leading to the improved ability to respond to new situations quickly. Implementing a change in the organizational culture and employing new processes can be considered as a challenging task. This is mainly because this process requires the transformation of how the people not only interact but also how they work. The organizations usually design certain activities that tend to minimize the resistance demonstrated by the users to the change in the program. There are numerous components of the change management. These include, Communication management, organizational change readiness, change adoption and change impact review. Considering the manner in which change management occurs, it cannot be denied that the change is tough. This is mainly because the people in the organization is to implement the approved plan, get each task performed on the critical path and side by side monitor the progress as well as